{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:00:54Z","timestamp":1781280054824,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEICE Trans. Electron."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1587\/transele.2021sep0003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:10:12Z","timestamp":1642543812000},"page":"251-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron: A Tutorial Review"],"prefix":"10.1587","volume":"E105.C","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"TAKEUCHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Computing Technologies, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"YAMAE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University"},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"L. AYALA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"SUZUKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"YOSHIKAWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yokohama National University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"532","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[1] N. Jones, \u201cHow to stop data centres from gobbling up the world&apos;s electricity,\u201d Nature, vol.561, no.7722, pp.163-166, Sept. 2018. 10.1038\/d41586-018-06610-y","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-018-06610-y"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] O.A. Mukhanov, \u201cEnergy-efficient single flux quantum technology,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.21, no.3, pp.760-769, June 2011. 10.1109\/tasc.2010.2096792","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2010.2096792"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[3] Q.P. Herr, A.Y. Herr, O.T. Oberg, and A.G. Ioannidis, \u201cUltra-low-power superconductor logic,\u201d J. Appl. Phys., vol.109, no.10, p.103903, May 2011. 10.1063\/1.3585849","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3585849"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[4] M. Tanaka, M. Ito, A. Kitayama, T. Kouketsu, and A. Fujimaki, \u201c18-GHz, 4.0-aJ\/bit operation of ultra-low-energy rapid single-flux-quantum shift registers,\u201d Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol.51, p.053102, May 2012. 10.1143\/jjap.51.053102","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.51.053102"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[5] N. Takeuchi, D. Ozawa, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cAn adiabatic quantum flux parametron as an ultra-low-power logic device,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.26, no.3, p.035010, March 2013. 10.1088\/0953-2048\/26\/3\/035010","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/26\/3\/035010"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[6] T. Kamiya, M. Tanaka, K. Sano, and A. Fujimaki, \u201cEnergy\/space-efficient rapid single-flux-quantum circuits by using \u03c0-shifted Josephson junctions,\u201d IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E101-C, no.5, pp.385-390, May 2018. 10.1587\/transele.e101.c.385","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.E101.C.385"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[7] W. Wustmann and K.D. Osborn, \u201cReversible fluxon logic: Topological particles allow ballistic gates along one-dimensional paths,\u201d Phys. Rev. B, vol.101, no.1, p.014516, Jan. 2020. 10.1103\/physrevb.101.014516","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.101.014516"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[8] Q.P. Herr, J. Osborne, M.J.A. Stoutimore, H. Hearne, R. Selig, J. Vogel, E. Min, V.V. Talanov, and A.Y. Herr, \u201cReproducible operating margins on a 72 800-device digital superconducting chip,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.28, no.12, p.124003, Dec. 2015. 10.1088\/0953-2048\/28\/12\/124003","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/28\/12\/124003"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[9] A.F. Kirichenko, I.V. Vernik, M.Y. Kamkar, J. Walter, M. Miller, L.R. Albu, and O.A. Mukhanov, \u201cERSFQ 8-bit parallel arithmetic logic unit,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.29, no.5, p.1302407, Aug. 2019. 10.1109\/tasc.2019.2904484","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2019.2904484"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[10] C.L. Ayala, T. Tanaka, R. Saito, M. Nozoe, N. Takeuchi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cMANA: a Monolithic Adiabatic iNtegration Architecture microprocessor using 1.4-zJ\/op unshunted superconductor Josephson junction devices,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.56, no.4, pp.1152-1165, April 2021. 10.1109\/jssc.2020.3041338","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2020.3041338"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[11] S. Nagasawa, K. Hinode, T. Satoh, M. Hidaka, H. Akaike, A. Fujimaki, N. Yoshikawa, K. Takagi, and N. Takagi, \u201cNb 9-layer fabrication process for superconducting large-scale SFQ circuits and its process evaluation,\u201d IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E97-C, no.3, pp.132-140, March 2014. 10.1587\/transele.e97.c.132","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.E97.C.132"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[12] S.K. Tolpygo, V. Bolkhovsky, R. Rastogi, S. Zarr, A.L. Day, E. Golden, T.J. Weir, A. Wynn, and L.M. Johnson, \u201cAdvanced fabrication processes for superconductor electronics: current status and new developments,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.29, no.5, p.1102513, Aug. 2019. 10.1109\/tasc.2019.2904919","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2019.2904919"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[13] M. Hidaka and S. Nagasawa, \u201cFabrication process for superconducting digital circuits,\u201d IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.E104-C, no.9, pp.405-410, Sept. 2021. 10.1587\/transele.2020sui0002","DOI":"10.1587\/transele.2020SUI0002"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[14] K. Loe and E. Goto, \u201cAnalysis of flux input and output Josephson pair device,\u201d IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.21, no.2, pp.884-887, March 1985. 10.1109\/tmag.1985.1063734","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.1985.1063734"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[15] M. Hosoya, W. Hioe, J. Casas, R. Kamikawai, Y. Harada, Y. Wada, H. Nakane, R. Suda, and E. Goto, \u201cQuantum flux parametron: a single quantum flux device for Josephson supercomputer,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.1, no.2, pp.77-89, June 1991. 10.1109\/77.84613","DOI":"10.1109\/77.84613"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[16] N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cEnergy efficiency of adiabatic superconductor logic,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.28, no.1, p.015003, Jan. 2015. 10.1088\/0953-2048\/28\/1\/015003","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/28\/1\/015003"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[17] R.W. Keyes and R. Landauer, \u201cMinimal energy dissipation in logic,\u201d IBM J. Res. Dev., vol.14, no.2, pp.152-157, March 1970. 10.1147\/rd.142.0152","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.142.0152"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] J.G. Koller and W.C. Athas, \u201cAdiabatic switching, low energy computing, and the physics of storing and erasing information,\u201d Workshop on Physics and Computation, pp.267-270, 1992. 10.1109\/phycmp.1992.615554","DOI":"10.1109\/PHYCMP.1992.615554"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[19] C.H. Bennett, \u201cThe thermodynamics of computation \u2014 a review,\u201d Int. J. Theor. Phys., vol.21, no.12, pp.905-940, Dec. 1982. 10.1007\/bf02084158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02084158"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[20] E. Fredkin and T. Toffoli, \u201cConservative logic,\u201d Int. J. Theor. Phys., vol.21, no.3-4, pp.219-253, April 1982. 10.1007\/bf01857727","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01857727"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] R. Landauer, \u201cIrreversibility and heat generation in the computing process,\u201d IBM J. Res. Dev., vol.5, no.3, pp.183-191, July 1961. 10.1147\/rd.53.0183","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.53.0183"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[22] K. Likharev, \u201cDynamics of some single flux quantum devices: I. Parametric quantron,\u201d IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.13, no.1, pp.242-244, Jan. 1977. 10.1109\/tmag.1977.1059351","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.1977.1059351"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[23] K.K. Likharev, \u201cClassical and quantum limitations on energy consumption in computation,\u201d Int. J. Theor. Phys., vol.21, no.3-4, pp.311-326, April 1982. 10.1007\/bf01857733","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01857733"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[24] K.K. Likharev, \u201cSuperconductor digital electronics,\u201d Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, vol.482, pp.6-18, Nov. 2012. 10.1016\/j.physc.2012.05.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physc.2012.05.016"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[25] E. Goto, \u201cThe Parametron, a digital computing element which utilizes parametric oscillation,\u201d Proc. IRE, vol.47, no.8, pp.1304-1316, Aug. 1959. 10.1109\/jrproc.1959.287195","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1959.287195"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[26] K. Likharev, S. Rylov, and V. Semenov, \u201cReversible conveyer computation in array of parametric quantrons,\u201d IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.21, no.2, pp.947-950, March 1985. 10.1109\/tmag.1985.1063673","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.1985.1063673"},{"key":"27","unstructured":"[27] https:\/\/www.jst.go.jp\/erato\/en\/research_area\/completed\/gjrj_P.html"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[28] J. Casas, R. Kamikawai, N. Miyamoto, and E. Goto, \u201cA quantum flux parametron (QFP) 12-bit shift register capable of stable microwave frequency operation,\u201d Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol.30, no.12B, pp.3938-3942, Dec. 1991. 10.1143\/jjap.30.3938","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.30.3938"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[29] J. Casas, R. Kamikawai, and R. Goto, \u201cHigh-frequency operation of quantum flux parametron (QFP) based shift registers and frequency prescalers,\u201d IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.27, no.1, pp.97-105, Jan. 1992. 10.1109\/4.109561","DOI":"10.1109\/4.109561"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[30] N. Shimizu, Y. Harada, N. Miyamoto, and E. Goto, \u201cA new A\/D converter with quantum flux parametron,\u201d IEEE Trans. Magn., vol.25, no.2, pp.865-868, March 1989. 10.1109\/20.92423","DOI":"10.1109\/20.92423"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[31] Y. Harada and J.B. Green, \u201cHigh-speed experiments on a QFP-based comparator for ADCs with 18-GHz sample rate and 5-GHz input frequency,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.2, no.1, pp.21-25, March 1992. 10.1109\/77.124924","DOI":"10.1109\/77.124924"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[32] E. Goto, W. Hioe, and M. Hosoya, \u201cPhysical limits to quantum flux parametron operation,\u201d Physica C: Superconductivity, vol.185-189, pp.385-390, Dec. 1991. 10.1016\/0921-4534(91)92004-u","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-4534(91)92004-U"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[33] R. Ruby, G. Lee, H. Ko, and A. Barfknecht, \u201cSwitching probability of QFP comparators as a function of exciter slew-rate,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.3, no.1, pp.2694-2697, March 1993. 10.1109\/77.233982","DOI":"10.1109\/77.233982"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[34] W. Hioe, M. Hosoya, S. Kominami, H. Yamada, R. Mita, and K. Takagi, \u201cDesign and operation of a quantum flux parametron bit-slice ALU,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.5, no.2, pp.2992-2995, June 1995. 10.1109\/77.403221","DOI":"10.1109\/77.403221"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[35] M. Jeffery, \u201cAnalysis of a high-temperature superconductor quantum flux parametron operating at 77 K,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.5, no.4, pp.3522-3526, Dec. 1995. 10.1109\/77.482144","DOI":"10.1109\/77.482144"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[36] D.A. Feld, P. Sage, K.K. Berggren, and A. Siddiqui, \u201cMeasurement of the energy sensitivity of a superconductive comparator,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.9, no.2, pp.4361-4366, June 1999. 10.1109\/77.783991","DOI":"10.1109\/77.783991"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[37] Y. Tarutani, H. Hasegawa, T. Fukazawa, A. Tsukamoto, and K. Takagi, \u201cInvestigation of signal isolation and transient characteristics in quantum-flux-parametron (QFP) circuits,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.9, no.2, pp.4353-4356, June 1999. 10.1109\/77.783989","DOI":"10.1109\/77.783989"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[38] K.K. Likharev and V.K. Semenov, \u201cRSFQ logic\/memory family: a new Josephson-junction technology for sub-terahertz-clock-frequency digital systems,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.1, no.1, pp.3-28, March 1991. 10.1109\/77.80745","DOI":"10.1109\/77.80745"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[39] W. Chen, A.V. Rylyakov, V. Patel, J.E. Lukens, and K.K. Likharev, \u201cSuperconductor digital frequency divider operating up to 750 GHz,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.73, no.19, p.2817, Nov. 1998. 10.1063\/1.122600","DOI":"10.1063\/1.122600"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[40] S. Borkar and A.A. Chien, \u201cThe future of microprocessors,\u201d Commun. ACM, vol.54, no.5, pp.67-77, May 2011. 10.1145\/1941487.1941507","DOI":"10.1145\/1941487.1941507"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[41] R.F. Service, \u201cWhat it&apos;ll take to go exascale,\u201d Science, vol.335, no.6067, pp.394-396, Jan. 2012. 10.1126\/science.335.6067.394","DOI":"10.1126\/science.335.6067.394"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[42] P. Ball, \u201cComputer engineering: Feeling the heat,\u201d Nature, vol.492, no.7428, pp.174-176, Dec. 2012. 10.1038\/492174a","DOI":"10.1038\/492174a"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[43] N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cReversible logic gate using adiabatic superconducting devices,\u201d Sci. Rep., vol.4, p.6354, Sept. 2014. 10.1038\/srep06354","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06354"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[44] N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cReversibility and energy dissipation in adiabatic superconductor logic,\u201d Sci. Rep., vol.7, no.1, p.75, March 2017. 10.1038\/s41598-017-00089-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00089-9"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[45] N. Takeuchi, T. Yamashita, S. Miyajima, S. Miki, N. Yoshikawa, and H. Terai, \u201cAdiabatic quantum-flux-parametron interface for the readout of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,\u201d Opt. Express, vol.25, no.26, pp.32650-32658, Dec. 2017. 10.1364\/oe.25.032650","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.032650"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[46] N. Takeuchi, F. China, S. Miki, S. Miyajima, M. Yabuno, N. Yoshikawa, and H. Terai, \u201cScalable readout interface for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors using AQFP and RSFQ logic families,\u201d Opt. Express, vol.28, no.11, pp.15824-15834, May 2020. 10.1364\/oe.392507","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.392507"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[47] N. Takeuchi, M. Aono, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cSuperconductor amoeba-inspired problem solvers for combinatorial optimization,\u201d Phys. Rev. Appl., vol.11, no.4, p.044069, April 2019. 10.1103\/physrevapplied.11.044069","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.11.044069"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[48] W. Luo, N. Takeuchi, O. Chen, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cLow-autocorrelation random number generator based on adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.31, no.5, p.1302305, Aug. 2021. 10.1109\/tasc.2021.3070460","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2021.3070460"},{"key":"49","unstructured":"[49] E. Goto and K.F. Loe, DC Flux Parametron \u2014 A New Approach to Josephson Junction Logic (World Scientific Series in Computer Science: Volume 6), Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 1986."},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[50] H.L. Ko and G.S. Lee, \u201cNoise analysis of the quantum flux parametron,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.2, no.3, pp.156-164, Sept. 1992. 10.1109\/77.160155","DOI":"10.1109\/77.160155"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[51] E. Goto, K. Murata, K. Nakazawa, K. Nakagawa, T. Moto-Oka, Y. Matsuoka, Y. Ishibashi, H. Ishida, T. Soma, and E. Wada, \u201cEsaki diode high-speed logical circuits,\u201d IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput., vol.EC-9, no.1, pp.25-29, March 1960. 10.1109\/tec.1960.5221600","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1960.5221600"},{"key":"52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[52] W. Hioe and E. Goto, Quantum Flux Parametron \u2014 A Single Quantum Flux Superconducting Logic Device (Studies in Josephson Supercomputers: Volume 2), Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 1991.","DOI":"10.1142\/1255"},{"key":"53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[53] N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cSimulation of sub-<i>k<\/i><sub>B<\/sub><i>T<\/i> bit-energy operation of adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic with low bit-error-rate,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.103, no.6, p.062602, Aug. 2013. 10.1063\/1.4817974","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4817974"},{"key":"54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[54] D.E. McCumber, \u201cEffect of ac impedance on dc voltage-current characteristics of superconductor weak-link junctions,\u201d J. Appl. Phys., vol.39, no.7, pp.3113-3118, 1968. 10.1063\/1.1656743","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1656743"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[55] N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cThermodynamic study of energy dissipation in adiabatic superconductor logic,\u201d Phys. Rev. Appl., vol.4, no.3, p.034007, Sept. 2015. 10.1103\/physrevapplied.4.034007","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.4.034007"},{"key":"56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[56] V.V. Zhirnov, R.K. Cavin, J.A. Hutchby, and G.I. Bourianoff, \u201cLimits to binary logic switch scaling-a gedanken model,\u201d Proc. IEEE, vol.91, no.11, pp.1934-1939, Nov. 2003. 10.1109\/jproc.2003.818324","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.818324"},{"key":"57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[57] V. Zhirnov, R. Cavin, and L. Gammaitoni, \u201cMinimum Energy of Computing, Fundamental Considerations,\u201d in ICT-Energy-Concepts Towards Zero-Power Information and Communication Technology, G. Fagas, ed. InTech, 2014.","DOI":"10.5772\/57346"},{"key":"58","unstructured":"[58] https:\/\/ark.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/ark\/products\/120496\/intel-xeon-platinum-8180-processor-38-5m-cache-2-50-ghz.html"},{"key":"59","unstructured":"[59] https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transistor_count"},{"key":"60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[60] E. Hung, J.J. Davis, J.M. Levine, E.A. Stott, P.Y.K. Cheung, and G.A. Constantinides, \u201cKAPow: A system identification approach to online per-module power estimation in FPGA designs,\u201d 2016 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM), pp.56-63, May 2016. 10.1109\/fccm.2016.25","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM.2016.25"},{"key":"61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[61] N. Takeuchi, T. Yamae, C.L. Ayala, H. Suzuki, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cAn adiabatic superconductor 8-bit adder with 24<i>k<\/i><sub>B<\/sub><i>T<\/i> energy dissipation per junction,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.114, no.4, p.042602, Jan. 2019. 10.1063\/1.5080753","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5080753"},{"key":"62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[62] Y. Okuma, N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cDesign and demonstration of an adiabatic-quantum-flux-parametron field-programmable gate array using Josephson-CMOS hybrid memories,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.29, no.8, p.1103606, Dec. 2019. 10.1109\/tasc.2019.2938577","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2019.2938577"},{"key":"63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[63] N. Takeuchi, S. Nagasawa, F. China, T. Ando, M. Hidaka, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cAdiabatic quantum-flux-parametron cell library designed using a 10 kA cm<sup>-2<\/sup> niobium fabrication process,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.30, no.3, p.035002, March 2017. 10.1088\/1361-6668\/aa52f3","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/aa52f3"},{"key":"64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[64] N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cAdiabatic quantum-flux-parametron cell library adopting minimalist design,\u201d J. Appl. Phys., vol.117, no.17, p.173912, May 2015. 10.1063\/1.4919838","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4919838"},{"key":"65","unstructured":"[65] E.S. Fang and T. Van Duzer, \u201cA Josephson Integrated Circuit Simulator (JSIM) for Superconductive Electronics Application,\u201d 1989 International Superconductivity Electronics Conference (ISEC &apos;89), pp.407-410, 1989."},{"key":"66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[66] N. Takeuchi, H. Suzuki, C.J. Fourie, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cImpedance design of excitation lines in adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic using InductEx,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.31, no.5, p.1300605, Aug. 2021. 10.1109\/tasc.2021.3058080","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2021.3058080"},{"key":"67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[67] N. Takeuchi, M. Nozoe, Y. He, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cLow-latency adiabatic superconductor logic using delay-line clocking,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.115, no.7, p.072601, Aug. 2019. 10.1063\/1.5111599","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5111599"},{"key":"68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[68] T. Yamae, N. Takeuchi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cBinary counters using adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.31, no.2, p.1300305, March 2021. 10.1109\/tasc.2020.3044677","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2020.3044677"},{"key":"69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[69] N. Takeuchi, T. Ortlepp, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cNovel latch for adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic,\u201d J. Appl. Phys., vol.115, no.10, p.103910, March 2014. 10.1063\/1.4868336","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4868336"},{"key":"70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[70] T. Ando, N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cAdiabatic quantum-flux-parametron constant cells using asymmetrical structures,\u201d IEEJ Trans. Fundam. Mater., vol.136, no.12, pp.747-752, Dec. 2016 (in Japanese). 10.1541\/ieejfms.136.747","DOI":"10.1541\/ieejfms.136.747"},{"key":"71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[71] C.J. Fourie, \u201cFull-gate verification of superconducting integrated circuit layouts with InductEx,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.25, no.1, p.1300209, Feb. 2015. 10.1109\/tasc.2014.2360870","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2014.2360870"},{"key":"72","unstructured":"[72] https:\/\/www.sun-magnetics.com"},{"key":"73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[73] C.J. Fourie, \u201cElectronic design automation tools for superconducting circuits,\u201d J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol.1590, no.1, p.012040, July 2020. 10.1088\/1742-6596\/1590\/1\/012040","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1590\/1\/012040"},{"key":"74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[74] C.L. Ayala, R. Saito, T. Tanaka, O. Chen, N. Takeuchi, Y. He, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cA semi-custom design methodology and environment for implementing superconductor adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron microprocessors,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.33, no.5, p.054006, May 2020. 10.1088\/1361-6668\/ab7ec3","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/ab7ec3"},{"key":"75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[75] Q. Xu, C.L. Ayala, N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cHDL-Based Modeling Approach for Digital Simulation of Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron Logic,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.26, no.8, p.1301805, Dec. 2016. 10.1109\/tasc.2016.2615123","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2016.2615123"},{"key":"76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[76] Q. Xu, C.L. Ayala, N. Takeuchi, Y. Murai, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cSynthesis Flow for Cell-Based Adiabatic Quantum-Flux-Parametron Structural Circuit Generation With HDL Back-End Verification,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.27, no.4, p.1301905, June 2017. 10.1109\/tasc.2017.2662017","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2017.2662017"},{"key":"77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[77] Y. Murai, C.L. Ayala, N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cDevelopment and demonstration of routing and placement EDA tools for large-scale adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron circuits,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.27, no.6, p.1302209, Sept. 2017. 10.1109\/tasc.2017.2721965","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2017.2721965"},{"key":"78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[78] T. Yamae, N. Takeuchi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cSystematic method to evaluate energy dissipation in adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic,\u201d J. Appl. Phys., vol.126, no.17, p.173903, Nov. 2019. 10.1063\/1.5119306","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5119306"},{"key":"79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[79] C.L. Ayala, N. Takeuchi, Y. Yamanashi, T. Ortlepp, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cMajority-logic-optimized parallel prefix carry look-ahead adder families using adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.27, no.4, p.1300407, June 2017. 10.1109\/tasc.2016.2642041","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2016.2642041"},{"key":"80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[80] N. Tsuji, C.L. Ayala, N. Takeuchi, T. Ortlepp, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cDesign and Implementation of a 16-Word by 1-Bit Register File Using Adiabatic Quantum Flux Parametron Logic,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.27, no.4, p.1300904, June 2017. 10.1109\/tasc.2017.2656128","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2017.2656128"},{"key":"81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[81] N. Tsuji, Y. Yamanashi, N. Takeuchi, C. Ayala, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cDesign and implementation of scalable register files using adiabatic quantum flux parametron logic,\u201d 2017 16th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC), June 2017. 10.1109\/isec.2017.8314199","DOI":"10.1109\/ISEC.2017.8314199"},{"key":"82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[82] T. Ando, S. Nagasawa, N. Takeuchi, N. Tsuji, F. China, M. Hidaka, Y. Yamanashi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cThree-dimensional adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron fabricated using a double-active-layered niobium process,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.30, no.7, p.075003, July 2017. 10.1088\/1361-6668\/aa6ef4","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/aa6ef4"},{"key":"83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[83] N. Takeuchi, K. Arai, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cDirectly coupled adiabatic superconductor logic,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.33, no.6, p.065002, June 2020. 10.1088\/1361-6668\/ab87ad","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/ab87ad"},{"key":"84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[84] N. Takeuchi, H. Suzuki, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cMeasurement of low bit-error-rates of adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic using a superconductor voltage driver,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.110, no.20, p.202601, May 2017. 10.1063\/1.4983351","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4983351"},{"key":"85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[85] V.K. Semenov, G.V. Danilov, and D.V. Averin, \u201cNegative-inductance SQUID as the basic element of reversible Josephson-junction circuits,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.13, no.2, pp.938-943, June 2003. 10.1109\/tasc.2003.814155","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2003.814155"},{"key":"86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[86] C.S. Lent, M. Liu, and Y. Lu, \u201cBennett clocking of quantum-dot cellular automata and the limits to binary logic scaling,\u201d Nanotechnology, vol.17, no.16, pp.4240-4251, Aug. 2006. 10.1088\/0957-4484\/17\/16\/040","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/17\/16\/040"},{"key":"87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[87] B. Lambson, D. Carlton, and J. Bokor, \u201cExploring the thermodynamic limits of computation in integrated systems: magnetic memory, nanomagnetic logic, and the Landauer limit,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.107, no.1, p.010604, July 2011. 10.1103\/physrevlett.107.010604","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.107.010604"},{"key":"88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[88] J.-S. Wenzler, T. Dunn, T. Toffoli, and P. Mohanty, \u201cA nanomechanical Fredkin gate,\u201d Nano Lett., vol.14, no.1, pp.89-93, Jan. 2014. 10.1021\/nl403268b","DOI":"10.1021\/nl403268b"},{"key":"89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[89] M. L\u00f3pez-Su\u00e1rez, I. Neri, and L. Gammaitoni, \u201cSub-<i>k<\/i><sub>B<\/sub><i>T<\/i> micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate,\u201d Nat. Commun., vol.7, no.1, p.12068, June 2016. 10.1038\/ncomms12068","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12068"},{"key":"90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[90] T. Yamae, N. Takeuchi, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cA reversible full adder using adiabatic superconductor logic,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.32, no.3, p.035005, March 2019. 10.1088\/1361-6668\/aaf8c9","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6668\/aaf8c9"},{"key":"91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[91] N. Takeuchi and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cMinimum energy dissipation required for a logically irreversible operation,\u201d Phys. Rev. E, vol.97, no.1, p.012124, Jan. 2018. 10.1103\/physreve.97.012124","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.97.012124"},{"key":"92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[92] T. Narama, Y. Yamanashi, N. Takeuchi, T. Ortlepp, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cDemonstration of 10k gate-scale adiabatic-quantum-flux-parametron circuits,\u201d The 15th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC 2015), July 2015. 10.1109\/isec.2015.7383438","DOI":"10.1109\/ISEC.2015.7383438"},{"key":"93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[93] N. Takeuchi, T. Yamae, H. Suzuki, and N. Yoshikawa, \u201cAn adiabatic superconductor comparator with 46 nA sensitivity,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.31, no.5, p.1301105, Aug. 2021. 10.1109\/tasc.2021.3061947","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2021.3061947"},{"key":"94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[94] G.N. Gol&apos;tsman, O. Okunev, G. Chulkova, A. Lipatov, A. Semenov, K. Smirnov, B. Voronov, A. Dzardanov, C. Williams, and R. Sobolewski, \u201cPicosecond superconducting single-photon optical detector,\u201d Appl. Phys. Lett., vol.79, no.6, pp.705-707, Aug. 2001. 10.1063\/1.1388868","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1388868"},{"key":"95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[95] C.M. Natarajan, M.G. Tanner, and R.H. Hadfield, \u201cSuperconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: physics and applications,\u201d Supercond. Sci. Technol., vol.25, no.6, p.063001, June 2012. 10.1088\/0953-2048\/25\/6\/063001","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-2048\/25\/6\/063001"},{"key":"96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[96] N. Takeuchi, T. Yamashita, S. Miyajima, S. Miki, N. Yoshikawa, and H. Terai, \u201cDemonstration of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector using adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic in a 0.1-W Gifford-McMahon cryocooler,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.29, no.5, p.2201004, Aug. 2019. 10.1109\/tasc.2019.2902771","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2019.2902771"},{"key":"97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[97] S. Nagasawa, Y. Hashimoto, H. Numata, and S. Tahara, \u201cA 380 ps, 9.5 mW Josephson 4-Kbit RAM operated at a high bit yield,\u201d IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol.5, no.2, pp.2447-2452, June 1995. 10.1109\/77.403086","DOI":"10.1109\/77.403086"},{"key":"98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[98] H. Li, J.-S. Liu, H. Cai, Y.-S. Zhang, Q.-C. Liu, G. Li, and W. Chen, \u201cTrue random number generator realized by extracting entropy from a negative-inductance superconducting quantum interference device,\u201d Chinese Phys. Lett., vol.34, no.1, p.018401, Jan. 2017. 10.1088\/0256-307x\/34\/1\/018401","DOI":"10.1088\/0256-307X\/34\/1\/018401"},{"key":"99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[99] B.D. Brown and H.C. Card, \u201cStochastic neural computation. I. Computational elements,\u201d IEEE Trans. Comput., vol.50, no.9, pp.891-905, 2001. 10.1109\/12.954505","DOI":"10.1109\/12.954505"},{"key":"100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[100] M. Aono, M. Naruse, S.-J. Kim, M. Wakabayashi, H. Hori, M. Ohtsu, and M. Hara, \u201cAmoeba-Inspired Nanoarchitectonic Computing: Solving Intractable Computational Problems Using Nanoscale Photoexcitation Transfer Dynamics,\u201d Langmuir, vol.29, no.24, pp.7557-7564, June 2013. 10.1021\/la400301p","DOI":"10.1021\/la400301p"},{"key":"101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[101] M. Aono, \u201cAmoeba-inspired combinatorial optimization machines,\u201d Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol.59, no.6, p.060502, June 2020. 10.35848\/1347-4065\/ab8e05","DOI":"10.35848\/1347-4065\/ab8e05"}],"container-title":["IEICE Transactions on Electronics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transele\/E105.C\/6\/E105.C_2021SEP0003\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T15:08:48Z","timestamp":1726499328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transele\/E105.C\/6\/E105.C_2021SEP0003\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/transele.2021sep0003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-8524","1745-1353"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0916-8524","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1353","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"article-number":"2021SEP0003"}}