{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T13:50:20Z","timestamp":1762955420504,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEICE Trans. Inf. &amp; Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.2014edp7214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,31]],"date-time":"2015-05-31T22:09:58Z","timestamp":1433110198000},"page":"1228-1237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Backchannel Prediction for Mandarin Human-Computer Interaction"],"prefix":"10.1587","volume":"E98.D","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"MAO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"PENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuli","family":"XUE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"LUO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"ROVETTA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanics, Polytechnic University of Milan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"532","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] A. Gulz and M. Haake, \u201cDesign of animated pedagogical agents \u2014 A look at their look,\u201d Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, vol.64, no.4, pp.322-339, 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.08.006"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] X. Mao and Z. Li, \u201cAgent based affective tutoring systems: A pilot study,\u201d Computers &amp; Education, vol.55, no.1, pp.202-208, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.01.005"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, and E. Churchill, Embodied Conversational Agents, The MIT Press, 2000.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2697.001.0001"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Z. Li and X. Mao, \u201cEEMML: The emotional eye movement animation toolkit,\u201d Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp.1-21, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-011-0816-z"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] R. Beale and C. Creed, \u201cAffective interaction: How emotional agents affect users,\u201d Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, vol.67, no.9, pp.755-776, 2009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.05.001"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] F. de Rosis, C. Pelachaud, I. Poggi, V. Carofiglio, and B.D. Carolis, \u201cFrom greta&apos;s mind to her face: modelling the dynamics of affective states in a conversational embodied agent,\u201d Int. J. Human-Computer Studies, vol.59, no.1-2, pp.81-118, 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(03)00020-X"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] M. Ullman, \u201cContributions of memory circuits to language: The declarative\/procedural model,\u201d Cognition, vol.92, no.1, pp.231-270, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.10.008"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] A.T. Dittmann and L.G. Llewellyn, \u201cRelationship between vocalizations and head nods as listener responses,\u201d J. Personality and Social Psychology, vol.9, no.1, p.79, 1968.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025722"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"[9] V. Yngve, On getting a word in edgewise, pp.567-577, Chicago Linguistic Society, 1970."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] S. Duncan, \u201cOn the structure of speaker-auditor interaction during speaking turns,\u201d Language in Society, vol.3, no.02, pp.161-180, 1974.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404500004322"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] J. Bavelas, L. Coates, and T. Johnson, \u201cListeners as co-narrators,\u201d J. Personality and Social Psychology, vol.79, no.6, p.941, 2000.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.79.6.941"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] R. Nishimura and S. Nakagawa, \u201cResponse timing generation and response type selection for a spontaneous spoken dialog system,\u201d Eleventh Biannual IEEE Workshop on Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding, pp.462-467, 2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASRU.2009.5372898"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] L. Huang, L. Morency, and J. Gratch, \u201cVirtual Rapport 2.0,\u201d Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp.68-79, Springer, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23974-8_8"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] M. Schroder, E. Bevacqua, R. Cowie, F. Eyben, H. Gunes, D. Heylen, M. ter Maat, G. McKeown, S. Pammi, M. Pantic, C. Pelachaud, B. Schuller, E. de Sevin, M. Valstar, and M. Wollmer, \u201cBuilding autonomous sensitive artificial listeners,\u201d IEEE Trans. Affective Computing, vol.3, no.2, pp.165-183, 2012.","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.34"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Y. Sakai, Y. Nonaka, K. Yasuda, and Y. Nakano, \u201cListener agent for elderly people with dementia,\u201d Proc. Seventh Annual ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, pp.199-200, 2012.","DOI":"10.1145\/2157689.2157754"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] I. de Kok and D. Heylen, \u201cThe MultiLis corpus-dealing with individual differences in nonverbal listening behavior,\u201d Toward Autonomous, Adaptive, and Context-Aware Multimodal Interfaces. Theoretical and Practical Issues, pp.362-375, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18184-9_32"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"[17] N.G. Ward and J.L. McCartney, \u201cVisualizations supporting the discovery of prosodic contours related to turn-taking,\u201d Feedback Behaviors in Dialog, pp.85-89, 2012."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] X. Mao, N. Luo, and Y. Xue, \u201cEmphasizing on the timing and type: enhancing the backchannel performance of virtual agent,\u201d Proc. 4th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, pp.259-263, 2012.","DOI":"10.5220\/0003833102590263"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[19] R. Poppe, K. Truong, D. Reidsma, and D. Heylen, \u201cBackchannel strategies for artificial listeners,\u201d Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp.146-158, 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_16"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[20] N. Ward and W. Tsukahara, \u201cProsodic features which cue back-channel responses in English and Japanese,\u201d J. Pragmatics, vol.32, no.8, pp.1177-1207, 2000.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(99)00109-5"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[21] L. Morency, I. de Kok, and J. Gratch, \u201cA probabilistic multimodal approach for predicting listener backchannels,\u201d Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol.20, no.1, pp.70-84, 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-009-9092-y"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"[22] L. Huang, L. Morency, and J. Gratch, \u201cParasocial consensus sampling: Combining multiple perspectives to learn virtual human behavior,\u201d Proc. 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp.1265-1272, 2010."},{"key":"23","unstructured":"[23] P. Wittenburg, H. Brugman, A. Russel, A. Klassmann, and H. Sloetjes, \u201cELAN: A professional framework for multimodality research,\u201d Proc. LREC, pp.1556-1559, 2006."},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[24] R. Poppe, K. Truong, and D. Heylen, \u201cBackchannels: Quantity, type and timing matters,\u201d Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp.228-239, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23974-8_25"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] P. Clancy, S. Thompson, R. Suzuki, and H. Tao, \u201cThe conversational use of reactive tokens in English, Japanese, and Mandarin,\u201d J. Pragmatics, vol.26, no.3, pp.355-387, 1996.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-2166(95)00036-4"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[26] N. Cathcart, J. Carletta, and E. Klein, \u201cA shallow model of backchannel continuers in spoken dialogue,\u201d Proc. Tenth Conference on European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp.51-58, 2003.","DOI":"10.3115\/1067807.1067816"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[27] H. Koiso, Y. Horiuchi, S. Tutiya, A. Ichikawa, and Y. Den, \u201cAn analysis of turn-taking and backchannels based on prosodic and syntactic features in Japanese map task dialogs,\u201d Language and Speech, vol.41, no.3-4, pp.295-321, 1998.","DOI":"10.1177\/002383099804100404"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[28] T. Ohsuga, M. Nishida, Y. Horiuchi, and A. Ichikawa, \u201cInvestigation of the relationship between turn-taking and prosodic features in spontaneous dialogue,\u201d Ninth European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, pp.33-36, 2005.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2005-32"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[29] N. Kitaoka, M. Takeuchi, R. Nishimura, and S. Nakagawa, \u201cResponse timing detection using prosodic and linguistic information for human-friendly spoken dialog systems,\u201d J. Japanese Society for Artificial Intellignece, vol.20, no.3, pp.220-228, 2005.","DOI":"10.1527\/tjsai.20.220"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[30] R. Nishimura, N. Kitaoka, and S. Nakagawa, \u201cA spoken dialog system for chat-like conversations considering response timing,\u201d Text, Speech and Dialogue, pp.599-606, 2007.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74628-7_77"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[31] R. Maatman, J. Gratch, and S. Marsella, \u201cNatural behavior of a listening agent,\u201d Intelligent Virtual Agents, pp.25-36, 2005.","DOI":"10.1007\/11550617_3"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[32] M. Mancini and C. Pelachaud, \u201cImplementing distinctive behavior for conversational agents,\u201d Gesture-Based Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation, pp.163-174, 2009.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-92865-2_17"}],"container-title":["IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transinf\/E98.D\/6\/E98.D_2014EDP7214\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T05:29:54Z","timestamp":1748410194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transinf\/E98.D\/6\/E98.D_2014EDP7214\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/transinf.2014edp7214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0916-8532"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1745-1361"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}