{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:59:07Z","timestamp":1787061547998,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communications Engineers (IEICE)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEICE Trans. Inf. &amp; Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1587\/transinf.2024nti0001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T17:13:13Z","timestamp":1732122793000},"page":"485-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Leveraging Heterogeneous Programmable Data Planes for Security and Privacy of Cellular Networks, 5G &amp; Beyond"],"prefix":"10.1587","volume":"E108.D","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"HASEGAWA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Materials for Energy, Shimane University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"KOIZUMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"TAKEMASA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"KURIHARA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"TANAKA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"WOOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Washington University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. K.","family":"RAMAKRISHNAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Riverside"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"532","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] A. Gupta, R. Harrison, M. Canini, N. Feamster, J. Rexford, and W. Willinger, \u201cSonata: Query-driven streaming network telemetry,\u201d Proc. Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, SIGCOMM, pp.357-371, Aug. 2018. 10.1145\/3230543.3230555","DOI":"10.1145\/3230543.3230555"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] X. Chen, S. Landau-Feibish, M. Braverman, and J. Rexford, \u201cBeauCoup: Answering many network traffic queries, one memory update at a time,\u201d Proc. Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication, SIGCOMM, pp.226-239, Aug. 2020. 10.1145\/3387514.3405865","DOI":"10.1145\/3387514.3405865"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] J. Sonchack, A.J. Aviv, E. Keller, and J.M. Smith, \u201cTurboflow: Information rich flow record generation on commodity switches,\u201d Proc. European Conference on Computer Systems, EuroSys, pp.1-16, April 2018. 10.1145\/3190508.3190558","DOI":"10.1145\/3190508.3190558"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"[4] Z. Zhao, H. Sadok, N. Atre, J.C. Hoe, V. Sekar, and J. Sherry, \u201cAchieving 100Gbps intrusion prevention on a single server,\u201d Proc. USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, OSDI, pp.1083-1100, Nov. 2020."},{"key":"5","unstructured":"[5] Netronome, \u201cThe joy of Micro-C,\u201d https:\/\/cdn.open-nfp.org\/media\/documents\/the-joy-of-micro-c_fcjSfra.pdf, 2014."},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[6] P. Bosshart, G. Gibb, H.-S. Kim, G. Varghese, N. McKeown, M. Izzard, F. Mujica, and M. Horowitz, \u201cForwarding metamorphosis: Fast programmable match-action processing in hardware for SDN,\u201d ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol.43, no.4, pp.99-110, 2013. 10.1145\/2534169.2486011","DOI":"10.1145\/2534169.2486011"},{"key":"7","unstructured":"[7] \u201cIntel<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Tofino<sup>\u2122<\/sup> 2,\u201d https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/products\/network-io\/programmable-ethernet-switch\/tofino-2-series.html."},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[8] J.W. Lockwood, N. McKeown, G. Watson, G. Gibb, P. Hartke, J. Naous, R. Raghuraman, and J. Luo, \u201cNetFPGA\u2014An open platform for gigabit-rate network switching and routing,\u201d Proc. IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education, MSE, pp.160-161, June 2007. 10.1109\/mse.2007.69","DOI":"10.1109\/MSE.2007.69"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[9] X. Zhang, X. Shao, G. Provelengios, N.K. Dumpala, L. Gao, and R. Tessier, \u201cCoNFV: A heterogeneous platform for scalable network function virtualization,\u201d ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technology and Systems, vol.14, no.1, pp.1:1-1:29, Aug. 2020. 10.1145\/3409113","DOI":"10.1145\/3409113"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] S. Panda, Y. Feng, S.G. Kulkarni, K.K. Ramakrishnan, N. Duffield, and L.N. Bhuyan, \u201cSmartWatch: Accurate traffic analysis and flow-state tracking for intrusion prevention using SmartNICs,\u201d Proc. ACM International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies, CoNEXT, pp.60-75, Dec. 2021. 10.1145\/3485983.3494861","DOI":"10.1145\/3485983.3494861"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] Z. Ni, G. Liu, D. Afanasev, T. Wood, and J. Hwang, \u201cAdvancing network function virtualization platforms with programmable NICs,\u201d Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, LANMAN, pp.1-6, July 2019. 10.1109\/lanman.2019.8847032","DOI":"10.1109\/LANMAN.2019.8847032"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"[12] Netronome, \u201cNetronome NFP-6000 Datasheet,\u201d https:\/\/www.netronome.com\/media\/documents\/PB_NFP-6000-7-20.pdf, 2020."},{"key":"13","unstructured":"[13] M. Liu, S. Peter, A. Krishnamurthy, and P.M. Phothilimthana, \u201cE3: Energy-efficient microservices on SmartNIC-accelerated servers,\u201d Proc. USENIX Annual Technical Conference, ATC, pp.363-378, 2019."},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] M. Liu, T. Cui, H. Schuh, A. Krishnamurthy, S. Peter, and K. Gupta, \u201cOffloading distributed applications onto smartNICs using iPipe,\u201d Proc. Annual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, SIGCOMM, pp.318-333, Aug. 2019. 10.1145\/3341302.3342079","DOI":"10.1145\/3341302.3342079"},{"key":"15","unstructured":"[15] NVIDIA, \u201cNVIDIA Bluefield-3 DPU,\u201d https:\/\/www.nvidia.com\/en-us\/networking\/products\/data-processing-unit\/, 2021."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[16] J. Hwang, K. Ramakrishnan, and T. Wood, \u201cNetVM: High performance and flexible networking using virtualization on commodity platforms,\u201d Proc. USENIX Symposium on Networked System Design and Implementation, NSDI, April 2014.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2015.2401568"},{"key":"17","unstructured":"[17] L. Rizzo, \u201cnetmap: A novel framework for fast packet I\/O,\u201d Proc. USENIX Annual Technical Conference, ATC, pp.101-112, 2012."},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[18] S. Palkar, C. Lan, S. Han, K. Jang, A. Panda, S. Ratnasamy, L. Rizzo, and S. Shenker, \u201cE2: A framework for NFV applications,\u201d Proc. ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, SOSP, pp.121-136, 2015. 10.1145\/2815400.2815423","DOI":"10.1145\/2815400.2815423"},{"key":"19","unstructured":"[19] T. Zhang, \u201cDesign of NFV platforms: A survey,\u201d arXiv, vol.2002.11059 [cs], Feb. 2020. 10.48550\/arxiv.2002.11059"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"[20] J. Martins, M. Ahmed, C. Raiciu, V. Olteanu, M. Honda, R. Bifulco, and F. Huici, \u201cClickOS and the art of network function virtualization,\u201d Proc. USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation, NSDI, pp.459-473, April 2014."},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[21] S. Miano, F. Risso, M.V. Bernal, M. Bertrone, and Y. Lu, \u201cA framework for eBPF-based network functions in an era of microservices,\u201d IEEE Trans. Netw. Ser. Manag., vol.18, no.1, pp.133-151, March 2021. 10.1109\/tnsm.2021.3055676","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3055676"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"[22] \u201cImperva research labs reveals abnormal increase in DDoS attack length, despite popularity of short term attacks,\u201d https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2020\/06\/23\/2052054\/0\/en\/Imperva-Research-Labs-Reveals-Abnormal-Increase-in-DDoS-Attack-Length-Despite-Popularity-of-Short-Term-Attacks.html, June 2020."},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[23] C. Wei, S. Tu, T. Hasegawa, Y. Koizumi, K.K. Ramakrishnan, J. Takemasa, and T. Wood, \u201cA fast monitor for slow network attacks,\u201d Proc. IEEE Cloud Summit 2024 (poster), pp.153-156, June 2024. 10.1109\/cloud-summit61220.2024.00032","DOI":"10.1109\/Cloud-Summit61220.2024.00032"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"[24] The MAWI (Measurement and Analysis on the WIDE Internet) Working Group, \u201cMawi working group traffic archive,\u201d http:\/\/mawi.nezu.wide.ad.jp\/mawi\/"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[25] Y. Yoshinaka, J. Takemasa, Y. Koizumi, and T. Hasegawa, \u201cFeasibility of network-layer anonymity protocols at terabit speeds using a programmable switch,\u201d Proc. IEEE International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft), pp.292-296, June 2022. 10.1109\/netsoft54395.2022.9844111","DOI":"10.1109\/NetSoft54395.2022.9844111"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[26] J. Kurihara, T. Tanaka, and T. Kubo, \u201c<i>\u03bc<\/i>ODNS: A distributed approach to DNS anonymization with collusion resistance,\u201d Computer Networks, vol.237, 110078, Dec. 2023. 10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.110078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.110078"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[27] C. Chen and A. Perig, \u201cPHI: Path-hidden lightweight anonymity protocol at network layer,\u201d Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, PETS, vol.2017, no.1, pp.100-117, Oct. 2017. 10.1515\/popets-2017-0007","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0007"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[28] S. Yoo and X. Chen, \u201cSecure keyed hashing on programmable switches,\u201d Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Secure Programmable network INfrastructure, SPIN, pp.16-22, 2021. 10.1145\/3472873.3472881","DOI":"10.1145\/3472873.3472881"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[29] P. Schmitt, A. Edmundson, A. Mankin, and N. Feamster, \u201cOblivious DNS: Practical privacy for DNS queries,\u201d Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, PETS, vol.2019, no.2, pp.228-244, 2019. 10.2478\/popets-2019-0028","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2019-0028"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"[30] S. Singanamalla, S. Chunhapanya, J. Hoyland, M. Vavru\u0161a, T. Verma, P. Wu, M. Fayed, K. Heimerl, N. Sullivan, and C. Wood, \u201cOblivious DNS over HTTPS (ODoH): A practical privacy enhancement to DNS,\u201d Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, vol.2021, no.4, pp.575-592, 2021. 10.2478\/popets-2021-0085","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2021-0085"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[31] E. Kinnear, P. McManus, T. Pauly, T. Verma, and C.A. Wood, \u201cOblivious DNS over HTTPS,\u201d RFC9230, June 2022. 10.17487\/rfc9230","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC9230"},{"key":"32","unstructured":"[32] DNSCrypt Project, \u201cAnonymized DNS,\u201d https:\/\/github.com\/DNSCrypt\/dnscrypt-proxy\/wiki\/Anonymized-DNS, March 2021.Commit ID: 0b21176."},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[33] C. Deccio and J. Davis, \u201cDNS privacy in practice and preparation,\u201d Proc. ACM CoNEXT, Orlando, FL, USA, pp.138-143, 2019. 10.1145\/3359989.3365435","DOI":"10.1145\/3359989.3365435"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[34] S. Singanamalla, S. Chunhapanya, M. Vavru\u0161a, T. Verma, P. Wu, M. Fayed, K. Heimerl, N. Sullivan, and C. Wood, \u201cOblivious DNS over HTTPS (ODoH): A practical privacy enhancement to DNS,\u201d arXiv, vol.2011.10121 [cs], Nov. 2020. 10.48550\/arxiv.2011.10121","DOI":"10.2478\/popets-2021-0085"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[35] R. Dingledine, N. Mathewson, and P. Syverson, \u201cTor: The second generation onion router,\u201d Proc. USENIX Security Symposium, Aug. 2004.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA465464"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[36] D. Kim, Z. Liu, Y. Zhu, C. Kim, J. Lee, V. Sekar, and S. Seshan, \u201cTEA: Enabling state-intensive network functions on programmable switches,\u201d Proc. Anual Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication, SIGCOMM, pp.90-106, Aug. 2020. 10.1145\/3387514.3405855","DOI":"10.1145\/3387514.3405855"},{"key":"37","unstructured":"[37] J. Xing, Q. Kang, and A. Chen, \u201cNetWarden: Mitigating network covert channels while preserving performance,\u201d Proc. USENIX Security Symposium, Aug. 2020."},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[38] D. Barradas, N. Santos, L. Rodrigues, S. Signorello, F.M.V. Ramos, and A. Madeira, \u201cFlowLens: Enabling efficient flow classification for ML-based network security applications,\u201d Proc. Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS, Feb. 2021. 10.14722\/ndss.2021.24067","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2021.24067"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"[39] L. Wang, H. Kim, P. Mittal, and J. Rexford, \u201cProgrammable in-network obfuscation of DNS traffic,\u201d Proc. NDSS DNS Privacy Workshop, 2021."},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[40] Y. Yohinaka, J. Takemasa, Y. Koizumi, and T. Hasegawa, \u201cOn implementing ChaCha on a programmable switch,\u201d Proc. 5th P4 Workshop in Europe 2022, pp.15-18, Dec. 2022. 10.1145\/3565475.3569073","DOI":"10.1145\/3565475.3569073"}],"container-title":["IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transinf\/E108.D\/6\/E108.D_2024NTI0001\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T23:42:42Z","timestamp":1749253362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/transinf\/E108.D\/6\/E108.D_2024NTI0001\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/transinf.2024nti0001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0916-8532","1745-1361"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0916-8532","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1361","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"article-number":"2024NTI0001"}}