{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T06:08:51Z","timestamp":1785305331201,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Society of Physical Therapy Science","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Phys Ther Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T22:25:46Z","timestamp":1519943146000},"page":"434-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lumbar lordosis angle and trunk and lower-limb electromyographic activity comparison in hip neutral position and external rotation during back squats"],"prefix":"10.1589","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Oshikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kaneoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University: 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"533","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Panjabi MM: The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis. J Spinal Disord, 1992, 5: 390\u2013396, discussion 397.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00002"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) McGill SM, Norman RW: Dynamically and statically determined low back moments during lifting. J Biomech, 1985, 18: 877\u2013885.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(85)90032-6"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Schoenfeld BJ: Squatting kinematics and kinetics and their application to exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24: 3497\u20133506.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181bac2d7"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Aspe RR, Swinton PA: Electromyographic and kinetic comparison of the back squat and overhead squat. J Strength Cond Res, 2014, 28: 2827\u20132836.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000462"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Myer GD, Kushner AM, Brent JL, et al.: The back squat: A proposed assessment of functional deficits and technical factors that limit performance. Strength Condit J, 2014, 36: 4\u201327.","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000103"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) McKean MR, Dunn PK, Burkett BJ: The lumbar and sacrum movement pattern during the back squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res, 2010, 24: 2731\u20132741.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181e2e166"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Brown MD, Holmes DC, Heiner AD, et al.: Intraoperative measurement of lumbar spine motion segment stiffness. Spine, 2002, 27: 954\u2013958.","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200205010-00014"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Gullett JC, Tillman MD, Gutierrez GM, et al.: A biomechanical comparison of back and front squats in healthy trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res, 2009, 23: 284\u2013292.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818546bb"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Lowry TM, et al.: A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2001, 33: 984\u2013998.","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106000-00019"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Paoli A, Marcolin G, Petrone N: The effect of stance width on the electromyographical activity of eight superficial thigh muscles during back squat with different bar loads. J Strength Cond Res, 2009, 23: 246\u2013250.","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181876811"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Caterisano A, Moss RF, Pellinger TK, et al.: The effect of back squat depth on the EMG activity of 4 superficial hip and thigh muscles. J Strength Cond Res, 2002, 16: 428\u2013432.","DOI":"10.1519\/00124278-200208000-00014"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Imai A, Kaneoka K, Okubo Y, et al.: Trunk muscle activity during lumbar stabilization exercises on both a stable and unstable surface. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2010, 40: 369\u2013375.","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3211"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Kang SY, Jeon HS, Kwon O, et al.: Activation of the gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles during prone hip extension with knee flexion in three hip abduction positions. Man Ther, 2013, 18: 303\u2013307.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.11.006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physical Therapy Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jpts\/30\/3\/30_jpts-2017-603\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T03:52:11Z","timestamp":1570852331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jpts\/30\/3\/30_jpts-2017-603\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.30.434","relation":{},"ISSN":["0915-5287","2187-5626"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0915-5287","type":"print"},{"value":"2187-5626","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}