{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:50:49Z","timestamp":1779249049920,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition in women at reproductive age associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Proposed diagnosed criteria for PCOS include two out of three features: androgen excess, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovary appearance on ultrasound (PCO), after other causes of hyperandrogenism and dysovulation are excluded. Based on these diagnostic criteria, the most common phenotypes are the \u201cclassic PCOS\u201d \u2013 hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea, with or without PCO; the \u201covulatory phenotype\u201d \u2013 hyperandrogenism and PCO in ovulatory women; and the \u201cnon-hyperandrogenic phenotype\u201d, in which there is oligomenorrhea and PCO, without overt hyperandrogenism. The presence of obesity may exacerbate the metabolic and reproductive disorders associated with the syndrome. In addition, PCOS women present higher risk for type 2 diabetes and higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors that seems to be associated with the classic phenotype. The main interventions to minimize cardiovascular and metabolic risks in PCOS are lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapy, and bariatric surgery. Treatment with metformin has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, lowering blood glucose and androgen levels. These effects are more potent when combined with lifestyle interventions. In conclusion, besides reproductive abnormalities, PCOS has been associated to metabolic comorbidities, most of them linked to obesity. Confounders, such as the lack of standard diagnostic criteria, heterogeneity of the clinical presentation, and presence of obesity, make management of PCOS difficult. Therefore, the approach to metabolic abnormalities should be tailored to the risks and treatment goals of each individual woman.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-2730000003051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,12]],"date-time":"2014-05-12T08:58:53Z","timestamp":1399885133000},"page":"182-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Polycystic ovary syndrome: reviewing diagnosis and management of metabolic disturbances"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Poli Mara","family":"Spritzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-032046","article-title":"The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population","volume":"89","author":"Azziz R","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2434","article-title":"A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain","volume":"85","author":"Asuncion M","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep399","article-title":"The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria","volume":"25","author":"March WA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20679","article-title":"Fetal, infant, adolescent and adult phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys","volume":"71","author":"Abbott DH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Primatol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0225","article-title":"Approach to the girl with early onset of pubic hair","volume":"96","author":"Oberfield SE","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2568-z","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, metabolic features, and phenotype of Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a large-scale case-control study","volume":"287","author":"Zhang HY","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440","article-title":"Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women","volume":"21","author":"Ferriman D","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach","author":"Zawadski JF","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","article-title":"Androgen Excess Society. 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