{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T20:12:46Z","timestamp":1785615166165,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective:To present an eight-case serie of patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS). Method: All patients were initially evaluated by an ophthalmologist and then submitted to a neurologic evaluation with exclusion of alternative psychiatric and neurologic diagnoses.Results:Five patients were male (62.5%) and the mean age was 52.3+16.0 years. Two patients suffered from severe myopia and glaucoma, three had retinitis pigmentosa, one had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, one had age-related macular degeneration and one had toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Mean visual acuity in the right eye was 1,12 logMAR and in the left eye 0.57 logMAR. A mean delay of 41.7 months occurred until diagnosis. All hallucinations were complexes and mostly ocurred on a weekly-basis (62.5%) and lasted for seconds (87.5%).Conclusions:Physicians who care for low vision patients should be aware of CBS and appropriately diagnose its hallucinations after exclusion of psychiatric and neurologic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20140015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,17]],"date-time":"2014-05-17T15:20:59Z","timestamp":1400340059000},"page":"333-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Charles Bonnet syndrome: characteristics of its visual hallucinations and differential diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Thiago Cardoso","family":"Vale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciene Chaves","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil; Sociedade Pan-Americana de Baixa Vis\u00e3o,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90869-7","article-title":"Visual hallucinations in psychologically normal people: Charles Bonnet's syndrome","volume":"347","author":"Teunisse RJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e328329b643","article-title":"Charles Bonnet syndrome: a review","volume":"20","author":"Schadlu AP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthal"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"143","article-title":"Prevalence of photopsias and Charles Bonnet syndrome in a low vision population","volume":"7","author":"Crane WG","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"189","article-title":"\u2018Mini-Mental State\u2019. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein MF","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2001000400009","article-title":"Applicability of the CERAD neuropsychological battery to Brazilian elderly","volume":"59","author":"Bertolucci PHF","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/37.3.323","article-title":"Measurement of functional acitivities in older adults in the community","volume":"37","author":"Pfeffer RI","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2308","article-title":"The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia","volume":"44","author":"Cummings JL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Recent developments in Parkinson's disease","volume-title":"Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale","volume":"2","author":"Fahn S","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.7.1247","article-title":"The perceptual consequences of visual loss: \"positive\" pathologies of vision","volume":"122","author":"ffytche DH","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642009DN30100012","article-title":"Charles Bonnet syndrome: case series","volume":"3","author":"Brucki SMD","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demen & Neuropsychol"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"30","article-title":"Phantom visions: real enough to touch","volume":"9","author":"Hart J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Elder Care"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/3738","article-title":"The anatomy of conscious vision: an fMRI study of visual hallucinations","volume":"1","author":"ffytche DH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2000.00652.x","article-title":"Hyperperfusion in the lateral temporal cortex, the striatum and the thalamus during complex visual hallucinations: single photon emission computed tomography findings in patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome","volume":"54","author":"Adachi N","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/anp\/v72n5\/0004-282X-anp-72-5-0333.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T02:12:24Z","timestamp":1495505544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2014000500333&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0004-282X2014000500333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0004-282x20140015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-282X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-282X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}}}