{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T11:04:49Z","timestamp":1759057489148},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Objective Dyslexia is the difficulty of children in learning to read and write as results of neurological deficiencies. The objective was to test the Phonological awareness (PA) and Sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) threshold in children with Phonological dyslexia (PD).  Methods We performed a case-control, analytic, cross sectional study. We studied 14 children with PD and 14 control children from 7 to 11 years of age, by means of PA measurement and by SAM test. The mean age of dyslexic children was 8.39 years and in the control group was 8.15.  Results Children with PD exhibited inadequate skills in PA, and SAM. We found significant correlations between PA and SAM at 4 Hertz frequency, and calculated regression equations that predicts between one-fourth and one-third of variance of measurements.  Conclusion Alterations in PA and SAM found can help to explain basis of deficient language processing exhibited by children with PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20160026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,16]],"date-time":"2016-04-16T21:45:42Z","timestamp":1460843142000},"page":"293-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phonological awareness and sinusoidal amplitude modulation in phonological dislexia"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Pe\u00f1aloza-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Rehabilitation,  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Herrera-Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Rehabilitation,  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago J.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Mexico,  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Poblano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Rehabilitation,  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000208","article-title":"Definition and treatment of dyslexia: A report by the Committee on Dyslexia of the Health Council of The Netherlands","volume":"30","author":"Gersons-Wolfensberger DCM","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Horizons in neuroscience research","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Central auditory processing alterations in phonological dislexia","author":"Pe\u00f1aloza-L\u00f3pez YR","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611419521","article-title":"The brain basis of the phonological deficit in dyslexia is independent of IQ","volume":"22","author":"Tanaka H","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1431","article-title":"A taxometric investigation of developmental dyslexia subtypes","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Brien BA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219411407861","article-title":"Comparing two forms of dynamic assessment and traditional assessment of preschool phonological awareness","volume":"44","author":"Thatcher Kantor P","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026744","article-title":"Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: a meta-analytic review","volume":"138","author":"Melby-Lerv\u00e5g M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1121\/1.399714","article-title":"Discrimination of modulation depth of sinusoidal amplitude modulation (SAM) noise","volume":"88","author":"Wakefield GH","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.05.019","article-title":"Separable developmental trajectories for the abilities to detect auditory amplitude and frequency modulation","volume":"280","author":"Banai K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00096-5","article-title":"Phonological and visuo-spatial working memory alterations in dyslexic children","volume":"31","author":"Poblano A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","first-page":"198","article-title":"Identification of auditory laterality by means of a new dichotic digit test in Spanish, and body laterality and spatial orientation in children with dyslexia and in controls","volume":"41","author":"Olivares-Garc\u00eda MR","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S2173-5735(09)70168-1","article-title":"Assessment of central auditory processes in Spanish in children with dyslexia and controls: binaural fusion test and filtered word test","volume":"60","author":"Pe\u00f1aloza-L\u00f3pez YR","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp\u00f1ola"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorders. 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