{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:26:09Z","timestamp":1753889169004},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT Currently, there are no studies reporting how much balance impairment coexists with gait apraxia in mild and moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Objectives To assess correlations among gait apraxia, balance impairment and cognitive performance in mild (AD1, n = 30) and moderate (AD2, n = 30) AD. Method The following evaluations were undertaken: gait apraxia (Assessment Walking Skills); balance performance (Berg Balance Scale); Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Results While disregarding AD subgroups, Berg Balance Scale and the MMSE correlated significantly with Assessment Walking Skills and 23% of all subjects scored below its cut-off. After stratification, Berg Balance Scale correlated significantly with Assessment Walking Skills in both AD subgroups, and with the MMSE only in AD1. Conclusions Balance impairment does not necessarily coexist with gait apraxia. Gait apraxia is more prevalent in moderate AD when compared with mild AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20160063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T17:47:20Z","timestamp":1466012840000},"page":"450-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Balance impairment does not necessarily coexist with gait apraxia in mild and moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Fernando Vieira","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabricio Ferreira de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Rizek","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo Henrique Ferreira","family":"Bertolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.860","article-title":"Limb apraxias: higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration","volume":"123","author":"Leiguarda RC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00042-1","article-title":"The basal ganglia: focused selection and inhibition of competing motor programs","volume":"50","author":"Mink JW","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.3.345","article-title":"Progressive frontal gait disturbance with atypical Alzheimer\u2019s disease and corticobasal degeneration","volume":"67","author":"Rossor MN","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.1.77","article-title":"Gait apraxia after bilateral supplementary motor area lesion","volume":"72","author":"Della Sala S","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","first-page":"269","article-title":"Human walking and higher level gait disorders, particularly in the elderly","volume":"43","author":"Nutt JG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0743-3","article-title":"Gait and dementia: moving beyond the notion of gait apraxia","volume":"114","author":"Elble RJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh560","article-title":"Apraxia in movement disorders","volume":"128","author":"Zadikoff C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","first-page":"196","article-title":"Walking difficulties in patientes with Alzheimer\u2019s disease might originate from gait apraxia","volume":"75","author":"Della Sala S","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Motor control: theory and practical applications","author":"Shumway-Cook A","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/54.3.M122","article-title":"Sensory organization for balance: specific deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease but not in Parkinson\u2019s diasease","volume":"54","author":"Chong RK","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/25.4.313","article-title":"Gait disturbance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a clinical study","volume":"25","author":"O\u2019Keeffe ST","year":"1996","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"2A","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2011000200012","article-title":"Assessment of balance in mild and moderate stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: implications on falls and functional capacity","volume":"69","author":"Kato-Narita EM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159","article-title":"The consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (CERAD): Part I. 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