{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:17:21Z","timestamp":1787023041003,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>ABSTRACT  Background:  Primary headaches, and particularly migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) as well as hypothyroidism are common medical conditions. To date, numerous studies have suggested a possible bidirectional relationship between migraine and hypothyroidism, although certain studies had contradictory results.  Objective:  To investigate whether there is any association between primary headache subtypes and thyroid disorders.  Methods:  A retrospective study of consecutive patients aged \u226518 years referred to the Headache Outpatient Clinic of Aeginition Hospital and diagnosed with primary headache and any thyroid disorder.  Results:  Out of 427 patients (males\/females=76\/351), 253 (59.3%) were diagnosed with migraine without aura, 53 (12.4%) with TTH, 49 (11.5%) with migraine with aura, 29 (6.8%) with medication-overuse headache, 23 (5.4%) with mixed-type headache (migraine with\/without aura and TTH), nine (2.1%) with cluster headache, and 11 (2.6%) with other types of primary headaches. The prevalence of any type of thyroid disorder was 20.8% (89\/427 patients). In the total sample, 27 patients (6.3%) reported hypothyroidism, 18 (4.2%) unspecified thyroidopathy, 14 (3.3%) thyroid nodules, 12 (2.8%) Hashimoto thyroiditis, 12 (2.8%) thyroidectomy, three (0.7%) thyroid goiter, and three (0.7%) hyperthyroidism. Further statistical analysis between categorical variables did not reveal any significant association between headache subtypes and thyroid dysfunction.  Conclusions:  No specific association was found between primary headache subtypes and specific thyroid disorder. However, a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in general and specifically hypothyroidism was demonstrated among patients with primary headaches, which lays the foundation for further clarification in prospective longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20200070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T14:47:05Z","timestamp":1604069225000},"page":"695-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Primary headache subtypes and thyroid dysfunction: Is there any association?"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"SPANOU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,  Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1297-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Foteini","family":"CHRISTIDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,  Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"LIAKAKIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,  Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1585-4685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantina","family":"RIZONAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,  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