{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:03:48Z","timestamp":1791234228945,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760210280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T12:13:39Z","timestamp":1645186419000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Giardiasis in urban and rural Amazonas, Brazil is driven by zoonotic and cosmopolitan A and B assemblages"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisiane Lappe","family":"dos Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00fallio Rom\u00e3o Ribeiro","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Carlos de Oliveira","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil; Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naara Macedo","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil; Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia Maria Lima","family":"de Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Ferreira Dales","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Aparecida de Souza","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Superintend\u00eancia do Ibama no Amazonas,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Paulo","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the \"Neglected Diseases Initiative\" Trends","volume":"22","author":"Savioli L","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.006","article-title":"Pathogenic mechanisms of Cryptosporidium and Giardia","volume":"33","author":"Certad G","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30351-6","article-title":"Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to investigate the effect of enteropathogen infections on linear growth in children in low-resource settings longitudinal analysis of results from the MAL-ED cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Rogawski ET","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"49","key":"ref4","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Update on Giardia Highlights from the seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference","volume":"27","author":"Buret AG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.12.001","article-title":"Host specificity in the Giardia duodenalis species complex","volume":"66","author":"Cacci\u00f2 SM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw361","article-title":"Identification of Giardia lamblia assemblage E in humans points to a new anthropozoonotic cycle","volume":"214","author":"Fantinatti M","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105969","article-title":"First report of novel assemblages and mixed infections of Giardia duodenalis in human isolates from New Zealand","volume":"220","author":"Garcia-R JC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760200431","article-title":"Epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in Brazil there is still a long way to go","volume":"115","author":"Fantinatti M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"2018","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.02.001","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis circulating in three Brazilian biomes","volume":"59","author":"Nunes BC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020206","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in mostly asymptomatic indigenous people from the Tapirap\u00e9 tribe, Brazilian Amazon","volume":"10","author":"K\u00f6ster PC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"281","article-title":"The sedimentation concentration method in Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"9","author":"Hoffman WA","year":"1934","journal-title":"J Public Health Trop Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1938.s1-18.169","article-title":"A critical study of clinical laboratory technics for the diagnosis of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in feces","volume":"18","author":"Faust EC","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030084","article-title":"Triosephosphate isomerase gen characterization and potential zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis","volume":"9","author":"Sulaiman IM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00068-1","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the b - giardin gene and development of a polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to genotype Giardia duodenalis cysts from human faecal samples q","volume":"32","author":"Cacci\u00f2 SM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-293R","article-title":"Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from humans and dogs from Mexico using a \u00df-giardin nested polymerase chain reaction assay","volume":"91","author":"Lalle M","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006005","article-title":"Giardiasis as a neglected disease in Brazil systematic review of 20 years of publications","volume":"11","author":"Coelho CH","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2007.02.010","article-title":"Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from human and animal samples from Brazil using \u00df-giardin gene a phylogenetic analysis","volume":"102","author":"Volot\u00e3o AC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702011000400014","article-title":"Giardiasis as zoonosis between proof of principle and paradigm in the northwestern region of S\u00e3o Paulo State, Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Volot\u00e3o AC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brazilian J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118065","article-title":"Identical assemblage of Giardia duodenalis in humans, animals and vegetables in an urban area in Southern Brazil indicates a relationship among them","volume":"10","author":"Colli CM","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12-13","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.06.001","article-title":"Zoonotic potential of Giardia","volume":"43","author":"Ryan U","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Population genetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis genetic diversity and haplotype sharing between clinical and environmental sources","volume":"6","author":"Durigan M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008987","article-title":"Molecular diversity of Giardia duodenalis in children under 5 years from the manhi\u00e7a district, southern mozambique enrolled in a matched case-control study on the aetiology of diarrhoea","volume":"15","author":"Messa A","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218681","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors in children of three rural schools in Colombia A cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez PC","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018000409","article-title":"The first multilocus genotype analysis of Giardia intestinalis in humans in the Czech Republic","volume":"145","author":"Lecov\u00e1 L","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2011.05.004","article-title":"Limitations of tpi and bg genes sub-genotyping for characterization of human Giardia duodenalis isolates","volume":"60","author":"Bonhomme J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.029","article-title":"Molecular evidence for zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis among dairy farm workers in West Bengal, India","volume":"178","author":"Khan SM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3054-7","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites, with emphasis on the molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp , in the Paranagu\u00e1 Bay, Brazil: a community survey","volume":"11","author":"Segu\u00ed R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.013","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"Huey CS","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trw036","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Brazilian children","volume":"110","author":"Scalia LAM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.04.008","article-title":"Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis reveals striking differences between assemblages A and B","volume":"38","author":"Cacci\u00f2 SM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.09.013","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Giardia infections in the Genomic Era","volume":"37","author":"Capewell P","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115489","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis multilocus genotyping reveals zoonotic potential between clinical and environmental sources in a metropolitan region of Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Durigan M","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/875048","article-title":"Performance of glutamate dehydrogenase and triose phosphate isomerase genes in the analysis of genotypic variability of isolates of Giardia duodenalis from livestocks","volume":"2013","author":"Fava NMN","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"100257","article-title":"Giardia duodenalis assemblages in cats from Virginia, USA","volume":"15","author":"Saleh MN","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prevalence and genotypes of Giardia lamblia from stray dogs and cats in Guangdong, China","volume":"13","author":"Pan W","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06594-2","article-title":"Prevalence and multilocus analysis of Giardia duodenalis in racehorses in China","volume":"119","author":"Qi M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"}],"container-title":["Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T12:14:27Z","timestamp":1645186467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762021000101112&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0074-02762021000101112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0074-02760210280","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-8060","0074-0276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-8060","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0074-0276","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"article-number":"e210280"}}