{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:17:30Z","timestamp":1787023050594,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760220089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T09:58:38Z","timestamp":1662976718000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["New possibilities for chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis treatment: identification of two compounds from the MMV Pathogen Box\u00ae that present synergism with itraconazole"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4255-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rowena Alves","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Machado","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena Galdino","family":"Figueiredo-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Rodrigues","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina da Silva","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Brito-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Pedro Ernesto,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia Fernandes","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Almeida-Paes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005102","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of agents of human chromoblastomycosis in Brazil with the description of two novel species","volume":"10","author":"Gomes RR","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-16","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"30","author":"Queiroz-Telles F","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2019.1596504","article-title":"Exophiala dermatitidis key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen","volume":"10","author":"Kirchhoff L","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70915-0","article-title":"Environmental prospecting of black yeast-like agents of human disease using culture-independent methodology","volume":"10","author":"Costa FF","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819001766","article-title":"Epidemiological profile and spectrum of neglected tropical disease eumycetoma from Delhi, North India","volume":"147","author":"Dubey N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref6","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005492","article-title":"Neglected tropical diseases a DFID perspective","volume":"11","author":"Watts C","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref8","article-title":"The global burden of chromoblastomycosis","volume":"15","author":"Santos DWCL","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005534","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis in India review of 169 cases","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal R","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821992000100006","article-title":"Cromoblastomicose produzida por Fonsecaea pedrosoi no Estado do Maranh\u00e3o I-Aspectos cl\u00ednicos, epidemiol\u00f3gicos e evolutivos","volume":"25","author":"Silva ACCM","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006957415346","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis a retrospective study of 325 cases on Amazonic Region (Brazil)","volume":"143","author":"Silva JP","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mycopathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.112220","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis a review of 100 cases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"Minotto R","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962010000400005","article-title":"Cromoblastomicose relato de 27 casos e revis\u00e3o da literatura","volume":"85","author":"Correia RTM","year":"2010","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04729.x","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis a clinical and molecular study of 18 cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"50","author":"Mouchalouat MF","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20153252","article-title":"Clinical and demographic profile of chromoblastomycosis in a referral service in the midwest of S\u00e3o Paulo state (Brazil)","volume":"90","author":"Marques GF","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006675","article-title":"Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical strains of Fonsecaea spp isolated from patients with chromoblastomycosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Coelho RA","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70335-1","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"14","author":"Rinaldi MG","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00019-10","article-title":"Melanized fungi in human disease","volume":"23","author":"Revankar SG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2017.09.011","article-title":"From phaeohyphomycosis to disseminated chromoblastomycosis a retrospective study of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi","volume":"48","author":"Thomas E","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(83)70001-0","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis new concepts, diagnosis, and mycology","volume":"8","author":"McGinnis MR","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1086\/338636","article-title":"Disseminated Phaeohyphomycosis review of an emerging mycosis","volume":"34","author":"Revankar SG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-3400957","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"41","author":"Arcobello JT","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3314\/jjmm.46.67","article-title":"Phaeohyphomycosis in Korea","volume":"46","author":"Suh MK","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Mycol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2018.07.008","article-title":"An impressive case of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi in a patient with a long history of fungal infection","volume":"28","author":"Romero-Navarrete M","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Mycol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","first-page":"62","article-title":"Treatment of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis","volume":"26","author":"Dobi\u00e1\u0161 R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Klin Mikrobiol Infekc Lek"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.40.5.529.534","article-title":"Alternate week and combination itraconazole and terbinafine therapy for chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi in Brazil","volume":"40","author":"Gupta AK","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06424.x","article-title":"A case of chromoblastomycosis with an unusual clinical manifestation caused by Phialophora verrucosa on an unexposed area treatment with a combination of amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine","volume":"152","author":"Park SG","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652010000600008","article-title":"Treatment of severe chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole and 5-flucytosine association","volume":"52","author":"Antonello VS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201961031","article-title":"Synergistic effect of terbinafine and amphotericin B in killing Fonsecaea nubica in vitro and in vivo","volume":"61","author":"Zhang J","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01015-10","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the type of interaction obtained by the combination of terbinafine and itraconazole, voriconazole, or amphotericin B against dematiaceous molds","volume":"55","author":"Biancalana FSC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20165142","article-title":"Response of chromoblastomycosis to voriconazole","volume":"91","author":"de Lima AM","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.09.010","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of chromoblastomycosis agents to antifungal drugs a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Hellwig AHS","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Screening the Pathogen Box for identification of Candida albicans biofilm inhibitors","author":"Vila T","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","first-page":"e00120","article-title":"Discovery of a novel antifungal agent in the Pathogen","volume":"2","author":"Mayer FL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Box. mSphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","first-page":"e00537","article-title":"Novel antifungal compounds discovered in Medicines for Malaria Venture's Malaria","volume":"3","author":"Jung EH","year":"2018","journal-title":"Box. mSphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040092","article-title":"Repositionable compounds with antifungal activity against multidrug resistant Candida auris identified in the Medicines for Malaria Venture's Pathogen Box","volume":"5","author":"Wall G","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229630","article-title":"A screening of the MMV Pathogen Box(r) reveals new potential antifungal drugs against the etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis","volume":"15","author":"Coelho RA","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760210207","article-title":"Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID Box a source for repurposing drugs with antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi","volume":"116","author":"Almeida-Paes R","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref39","first-page":"e00379","article-title":"Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box across multiple pathogens reclassifies starting points for open-source drug discovery","volume":"61","author":"Duffy S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents d Chemother"},{"key":"ref40","author":"Arendrup MC","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2708-2711.2002","article-title":"In vitro susceptibilities of zygomycetes to combinations of antimicrobial agents","volume":"46","author":"Dannaoui E","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg301","article-title":"Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them","volume":"52","author":"Odds FC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13817","article-title":"Control of native spoilage yeast on dealcoholized red wine by preservatives alone and in binary mixtures","volume":"82","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Rubio M","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-756-3_21","article-title":"A cellular viability assay to monitor drug toxicity","volume":"648","author":"Hansen J","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Assay Guidance Manual","author":"Riss TL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399410001766","article-title":"Antibiotic adjuvants multicomponent anti-infective strategies","volume":"13","author":"Kalan L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.71","article-title":"Systematic exploration of synergistic drug pairs","volume":"7","author":"Cokol M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"CD005647","article-title":"Treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis","volume":"7","author":"Tenforde MW","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.63.61","article-title":"A case of chromomycosis treated by a combination of cryotherapy, shaving, oral 5-fluorocytosine, and oral amphotericin B","volume":"63","author":"Poirriez J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5609","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02875-14","article-title":"In vitro activities of nine antifungal drugs and their combinations against Phialophora verrucosa","volume":"58","author":"Li Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7963","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i27.7963","article-title":"Exophiala dermatitidis","volume":"9","author":"Usuda D","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2016.11.005","article-title":"A novel interpretation of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index the case Origanum vulgare L. and Leptospermum scoparium J. R. et G. Forst essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus strains","volume":"195","author":"Fratini F","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813394106","article-title":"Harnessing Hsp90 function as a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for fungal infectious disease","volume":"106","author":"Cowen LE","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54160","article-title":"Synergistic and antagonistic drug interactions in the treatment of systemic fungal infections","volume":"9","author":"Wambaugh MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70055-1","article-title":"Drug interactions with itraconazole, fluconazole, and terbinafine and their management","volume":"41","author":"Gupta AK","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.26273","article-title":"Mycobacterial membrane protein Large 3-like-family proteins in bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals a bioinformatics and structural investigation","volume":"90","author":"Malwal SR","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.56","article-title":"Discovery and development of SQ109 a new antitubercular drug with a novel mechanism of action","volume":"7","author":"Sacksteder KA","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105421","article-title":"Screening and Identification of Pathogen Box compounds with anti-Trypanosoma evansi activity","volume":"206","author":"Canever MF","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03972-14","article-title":"SQ109, a new drug lead for Chagas disease","volume":"59","author":"Veiga-Santos P","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-021-00538-2","article-title":"In vitro growth inhibitory activity of Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box compounds against Leishmania aethiopica","volume":"22","author":"Tadele M","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.03.017","article-title":"Chemical and biological characterisation of sapinopyridione, a phytotoxic 3,3,6-trisubstituted-2,4-pyridione produced by Sphaeropsis sapinea, a toxigenic pathogen of native and exotic conifers, and its derivatives","volume":"67","author":"Evidente A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"}],"container-title":["Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0074-02762022000101123&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T09:59:40Z","timestamp":1662976780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762022000101123&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0074-02762022000101123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0074-02760220089","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-8060","0074-0276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-8060","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0074-0276","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"article-number":"e220089"}}