{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T06:58:51Z","timestamp":1770447531605,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND  The cycle of the Orthoflavivirus nilense (West Nile virus - WNV) involves birds and mosquitoes, while humans and equids serve as terminal hosts. In 2014, the first human case in Brazil was confirmed in Piau\u00ed State.  OBJECTIVES  To investigate the presence of WNV in birds, mosquitoes, and equids in municipalities of Piau\u00ed.  METHODS  Collections were carried out following recommendations from the Ministry of Health of Brazil, in 11 municipalities (all with human cases or bird mortality), where biological samples were collected from birds, mosquitoes, and equids. The Viral RNA extraction was performed using a commercial kit, following the manufacturers\u2019 recommendations; samples were subjected to reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, with specific primers for WNV.  FINDINGS  2,706 samples were collected (636 birds, belonging to 99 species; 420 equids, and 1,650 mosquitoes, grouped into 346 pools, totaling 18 species. No collected sample yielded a positive result, corroborating with other studies showing the difficulty of molecular detection of WNV in healthy animals, which may explain the non-detection, in addition to the delayed diagnosis in humans.  MAIN CONCLUSIONS  A local investigation involving suspected cases is still recommended in animals; however, in locations with late diagnosis in humans we suggest a serological survey of asymptomatic birds and equids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-027602402180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T13:59:32Z","timestamp":1751983172000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orthoflavivirus nilense surveillance in the State of Piau\u00ed, northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7419-5398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osmaikon Lisboa","family":"Lobato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayn\u00e1 da Silva","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias Em\u00edlio Tavares","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Jos\u00e9 da Costa","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia Gabryelle Guimar\u00e3es","family":"de Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rayane de Souza","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joilson","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariene Ribeiro","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Paschoal","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex Sobrinho","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvokleio da Costa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos Junior","family":"Alcantara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William M","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch,  USA; University of Texas Medical Branch,  USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz","family":"Proenca-Modena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c9rica Azevedo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adelino Soares","family":"Lima Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauro C\u00e9sar Soares","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro","family":"Pires e Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvana Maria Medeiros de Sousa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia de Ara\u00fajo Fran\u00e7a","family":"Ba\u00eata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Adriano da Cunha e Silva","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Doen\u00e7as Tropicais Natan Portella,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon L","family":"Deem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Conservation Medicine,  USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lilian Silva","family":"Catenacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed,  Brazil; Institute for Conservation Medicine,  USA; Centro de Intelig\u00eancia em Agravos Tropicais Emergentes e Negligenciados,  Brasil; Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"West Nile virus infections are here Are we prepared to face another flavivirus epidemic?","volume":"52","author":"de 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Brazil","volume":"10","author":"Costa \u00c9A","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"737","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o pelo v\u00edrus da febre do Nilo Ocidental em equinos no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"50","author":"De Siqueira RF","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","article-title":"First isolation of West Nile virus in Brazil","volume":"114","author":"Martins LC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"e0687","article-title":"Evidence for current circulation of an ancient West Nile virus strain (NY99) in Brazil","volume":"54","author":"Siconelli MJL","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13043","article-title":"West Nile virus associated with equid encephalitis in Brazil, 2018","volume":"66","author":"Silva 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virus (WNV) in free-ranging raptors from Brazil","volume":"52","author":"Morel AP","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt081","article-title":"West Nile virus surveillance, Brazil, 2008-2010","volume":"107","author":"Ometto T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-4689.v41.e23081","article-title":"Abundance, temporal variation, and microhabitat use of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus (Passeriformes Passeridae), in urban and anthropogenic environments in northeastern Brazil","volume":"41","author":"Vicente MO","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zoologia"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Geographic distribution in Brazil and reproductive parameters of native and introduced sparrows (Passer domesticus)","author":"Ferreira 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Cruz"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002706","article-title":"Serological evidence of widespread circulation of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses in equines of the Pantanal Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Pauvolid-Corr\u00eaa A","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276130052","article-title":"Serologic survey of West Nile virus in horses from Central-West, Northeast and Southeast Brazil","volume":"108","author":"Silva JR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-021-00474-7","article-title":"Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus in horses from Southern Brazil","volume":"52","author":"Weber MN","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed8040237","article-title":"First isolation and genome sequence analysis of West Nile virus in mosquitoes in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Nunes Neto JPN","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Animais silvestres recebidos pelo Centro de Triagem do IBAMA no Piau\u00ed no ano de 2011","volume":"8","author":"Moura S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Enciclop\u00e9dia Biosfera"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030550","article-title":"The role of birds of prey in West Nile virus epidemiology","volume":"8","author":"Vida\u00f1a B","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref56","article-title":"Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil","volume":"56","author":"Bayeux JJM","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci"}],"container-title":["Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0074-02762025000101138&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T13:59:41Z","timestamp":1751983181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762025000101138&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0074-02762025000101138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0074-027602402180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-8060","0074-0276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-8060","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0074-0276","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e240218"}}