{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T21:00:33Z","timestamp":1781557233078,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIOFILMVAC","award":["CBF2023-2024-270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF2023-2024-270"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONAHCYT","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CBF2023-2024-270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBF2023-2024-270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND  It is known that host sex can influence the immune response to administration of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG). However, the effect of BCG or BCG-derived vaccines cultured as biofilms on development of T cell responses in both sexes remains unclear.  OBJECTIVES  To compare the influence of sex and vaccine strain (BCG Pasteur vs. BCG\u0394BCG1419c) on ex vivo T cell responses against mycobacterial purified protein derivative (PPD) stimulation in lung and spleen cells of mice vaccinated with bacteria grown as biofilms.  METHODS  Male and female BALB\/c mice were subcutaneously vaccinated with disaggregated, biofilm-derived BCG Pasteur or BCG\u0394BCG1419c. Sixty days later, lung and spleen cells were collected and stimulated ex vivo with PPD. Flow cytometry was used to quantify frequencies of mono- and bi-functional CD4\u207a and CD8a\u207a T cells expressing interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) or interleukin-2 (IL-2), as well as frequencies of tissue-resident memory CD4\u207a T cells.  FINDINGS  Sex influenced T cell responses in both organs. Lungs of female mice vaccinated with BCG\u0394BCG1419c showed reduced frequencies of CD8a\u207a IFN-\u03b3\u207a, and reduced frequency of CD4\u207a IFN-\u03b3\u207a in spleen, compared with males. On the other hand, female mice vaccinated with BCG produced higher IL-2+ and IL-2+TNF-\u03b1+ T cells in spleen than paired males. Vaccine strain alone had limited effects, but sex-strain interactions shaped distinct immune profiles.  MAIN CONCLUSIONS  Sex modulates the immunogenicity of BCG-based vaccines grown as biofilms. Our results underscore the importance of considering host sex and vaccine preparation in tuberculosis preclinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760250015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T15:03:47Z","timestamp":1765551827000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sex influences murine T cell responses to vaccination with BCG or BCG\u2206BCG1419 grown as biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Flores-Valdez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco,  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Alfredo","family":"Segura-Cerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e 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