{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:39:11Z","timestamp":1788025151878,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND  The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections was a serious disease that spread rapidly around the world and led to a state of global health emergency. During the pandemic, millions of deaths were notified as result of the progression of the disease to a serious condition. Research into the development of diagnostic tests was very important for the identification and control of new cases.  OBJECTIVES  In this work a label-free electrochemical platform was developed for sensing of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein.  METHODS  The S- antibodies (IgY type) from egg yolk were immobilised though stable bonding onto screen-printed gold electrodes surface, which was previously modified with self-assembled monolayers of cysteamine (Cys). The analytical performance of the devices was followed by differential pulse voltammetry after incubation in various concentrations of S-protein.  FINDINGS  The electrical response exhibited a linear behaviour from 10 to 1000 ng mL-1 [with limit of detection (LOD) of 6.2 ng mL-1]. Also, we confirmed that our method is more sensitive than an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), which was conducted with the same molecules (antibody and antigen) (500-4000 ng mL-1, with LOD = 235 ng mL-1). The immunosensor was selective for S-protein detection, and no significative changes were registered by differential pulse voltammetry in presence of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein. Tests on saliva samples recorded similar results to S protein standards.  MAIN CONCLUSIONS The developed immunosensor showed good performance and selectivity, therefore, it can be an alternative method for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) detecting in saliva samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760250074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:12:53Z","timestamp":1762521173000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["IgY antibodies\/Cysteamine: simple and effective methodology for electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariamna","family":"Gandarilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonny","family":"Romaguera-Barcelay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane Corr\u00eaa","family":"Gl\u00f3ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisa","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Feitosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Anzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Andr\u00e9 Morais","family":"Mariuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6493-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter Ricardo","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00292-w","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates","author":"Kyriakidis NC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Npj Vaccines"},{"key":"ref2","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"COVID-19 diagnostic methods and detection techniques","author":"Rong 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Cruz"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0074-02762025000101148&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:12:59Z","timestamp":1762521179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0074-02762025000101148&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0074-02762025000101148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0074-02760250074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-8060","0074-0276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-8060","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0074-0276","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e250074"}}