{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T13:02:14Z","timestamp":1772197334148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017\/21052-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/21052-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020\/05110-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/05110-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020\/07870-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07870-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ACT","award":["2017\/21052-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/21052-0"]}]},{"name":"ACT","award":["2020\/05110-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/05110-2"]}]},{"name":"ACT","award":["2020\/07870-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/07870-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND  Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.  OBJECTIVES  We analysed the concentration, size, cellular origin, and capacity for carrying viral components in plasma samples from patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and sepsis.  METHODS  Plasma samples from COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis (N = 42) and healthy individuals (N = 19) were analysed. EVs were characterised by size and concentration using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for SARS-CoV-2 components, and flow cytometry for immunophenotyping. EVs were marked with phosphatidylserine and tetraspanins. Cellular origin markers were used for neutrophils, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes and platelets. Cryo-EM was used to assess EV size and integrity.  FINDINGS  NTA showed an increased concentration of microparticles in patients. RT-qPCR analysis of EVs detected the virus in 14 samples, two of which were consistent with the Gamma variant. EVs predominantly derived from T cells and platelets and demonstrated an increased expression of CD81 in individuals who died. Cryo-EM revealed EVs with an average size of 200 nm.  MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients\u2019 EVs likely harboured viral components, suggesting their potential role as carriers of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, EVs from deceased patients demonstrated elevated levels of CD81 expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760250109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:10:10Z","timestamp":1772194210000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extracellular vesicles isolated from the plasma of COVID-19 and sepsis patients: characterisation and association with clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jaques Franco Novaes","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Meneghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Rodrigues","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Teixeira-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5724-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Claudia","family":"Torrecilhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1149-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinaldo","family":"Salomao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo,  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