{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:26:49Z","timestamp":1781706409924,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Bras"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Currently, lung impairment is the leading factor responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with systemic sclerosis. Therefore, the recognition of the various tomography patterns becomes decisive in the clinical management of these patients. In high-resolution computed tomography studies, the most common pattern is that of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. However, there are other forms of lung involvement that must also be recognized. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the main changes resulting from pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis and the corresponding radiological findings, considering the current classification of interstitial diseases. We searched the Medline (PubMed), Lilacs, and SciELO databases in order to select articles related to pulmonary changes in systemic sclerosis and published in English between 2000 and 2015. The pulmonary changes seen on computed tomography in systemic sclerosis are varied and are divided into three main categories: interstitial, alveolar, and vascular. Interstitial changes constitute the most common type of pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis. However, alveolar and vascular manifestations must also be recognized and considered in the presence of atypical clinical presentations and inadequate treatment responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2015.0116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T21:11:30Z","timestamp":1478725890000},"page":"316-321","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Tomography patterns of lung disease in systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9a de Lima","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo de Amorim","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilda Aparecida","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis: an update","volume":"66","author":"Varga J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii40","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep109","article-title":"Pulmonary complications: one of the most challenging complications of systemic sclerosis","volume":"48","author":"Wells AU","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.05.003","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review","volume":"37","author":"Chifflot H","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"22","article-title":"Assessments of pulmonary involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Gohari Moghadam K","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"Spec","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.suppl_1.g02oc04s151","article-title":"Interstitial lung diseases associated with collagen vascular diseases: radiologic and histopathologic findings","volume":"22","author":"Kim EA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Handbook of systemic autoimmune diseases","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Interstitial disease in systemic sclerosis","author":"Goh NS","year":"2004","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v59","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken271","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography and scleroderma lung disease","volume":"47","author":"Wells AU","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2204004","article-title":"Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and systemic sclerosis","volume":"165","author":"King Jr TE","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(69)90044-8","article-title":"Pathologic observations in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): a study of fifty-eight autopsy cases and fifty-eight matched controls","volume":"46","author":"D'Angelo WA","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.3.281","article-title":"Non-specific interstitial pneumonia as pulmonary involvement of systemic sclerosis","volume":"60","author":"Fujita J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106012","article-title":"Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome","volume":"165","author":"Bouros D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: Update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"188","author":"Travis WD","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.ats01","article-title":"This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001","volume":"165","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000083860.27509.f1","article-title":"Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia associated with scleroderma and scleroderma spectrum diseases","volume":"9","author":"Taylor JG","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-002-0230-y","article-title":"Recurrent bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Shimizu Y","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and scleroderma","volume":"19","author":"Bridges AJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.38.4.316","article-title":"Relapsing organising pneumonitis in a man with primary biliary cirrhosis, CREST syndrome, and chronic pancreatitis","volume":"38","author":"Davison AG","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-39842005000200004","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da tomografia de alta resolu\u00e7\u00e3o versus radiografia de t\u00f3rax na doen\u00e7a intersticial pulmonar na esclerose sist\u00eamica","volume":"38","author":"Azevedo ABC","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiol Bras"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225549.19127.90","article-title":"Esophageal disease in scleroderma","volume":"40","author":"Ebert EC","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.2.8333359","article-title":"Chest CT in patients with scleroderma: prevalence of asymptomatic esophageal dilatation and mediastinal lymphadenopathy","volume":"161","author":"Bhalla M","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30423","article-title":"Systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease: impact of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies","volume":"63","author":"Le Pavec J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2010.08.006","article-title":"Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis","volume":"40","author":"Hassoun PM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3181c1acec","article-title":"Lung disease related to collagen vascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Lynch DA","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.172.2.9930782","article-title":"Pericardial thickening or effusion in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension: a CT study","volume":"172","author":"Baque-Juston MC","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-198401000-00005","article-title":"CT-determined pulmonary artery diameters in predicting pulmonary hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Kuriyama K","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2317","article-title":"Pericardial abnormalities predict the presence of echocardiographically defined pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease","volume":"131","author":"Fischer A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.11.022","article-title":"Fibrous remodeling of the pulmonary venous system in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue diseases","volume":"38","author":"Dorfm\u00fcller P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.1.8659350","article-title":"The relationship of thoracic lymphadenopathy to pulmonary interstitial disease in diffuse and limited systemic sclerosis: CT findings","volume":"167","author":"Wechsler RJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.056424","article-title":"Risk factors for lung cancer in patients with scleroderma: a nested case-control study","volume":"66","author":"Pontifex EK","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Radiologia Brasileira"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/rb\/v49n5\/0100-3984-rb-49-05-0316.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T01:28:22Z","timestamp":1495589302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-39842016000500010&lng=en&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0100-39842016000500010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0100-3984.2015.0116","relation":{},"ISSN":["0100-3984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0100-3984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}}}