{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:37:15Z","timestamp":1785008235107,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Bras"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Rectal cancer accounts for approximately one-third of new colorectal cancer cases, with adenocarcinoma as the predominant subtype. Despite an overall decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, due to advancements in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment options, there is a concerning increase in incidence rates among young patients. Recent significant advances in managing locally advanced rectal cancer, such as the establishment of different surgical approaches, neoadjuvant treatment using different protocols for high-risk cases, and the adoption of organ-preservation strategies, have increased the importance of the role played by radiologists in locoregional assessment on magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, at restaging, and during active surveillance of patients with rectal cancer. In this article, we review the role of restaging rectal magnetic resonance imaging after neoadjuvant therapy, providing radiologists with a practical, step-by-step guide for assessing treatment response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2024.0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:37:41Z","timestamp":1723462661000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Restaging magnetic resonance imaging of the rectum after neoadjuvant therapy: a practical guide"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8849-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natally","family":"Horvat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,  USA; Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP),  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1273-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,  USA; Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP),  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3371-2710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Kinochita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP),  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0071-9049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Lins de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School,  USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1936-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Brondani","family":"Torri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM),  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0347-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Jos\u00e9 Pinheiro","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital S\u00edrio-Liban\u00eas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar Higa","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP),  Brazil; Hospital S\u00edrio-Liban\u00eas,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung H","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Key statistics for colorectal cancer","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0051","article-title":"Rectal cancer, version 2.2022, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"20","author":"Benson AB","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2018.10.002","article-title":"Rising proportion of young individuals with rectal and colon 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Are we able to predict tumor confined to the rectal wall?","volume":"252","author":"Dresen RC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/68424021","article-title":"Value of diffusion-weighted imaging in the detection of viable tumour after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: comparison with T2 weighted and PET\/CT imaging","volume":"85","author":"Song I","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2956-1","article-title":"Locally advanced rectal cancer: is diffusion weighted MRI helpful for the identification of complete responders (ypT0N0) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy?","volume":"23","author":"Sassen S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1607-5","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI for selection of complete responders after chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicenter study","volume":"18","author":"Lambregts DMJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.03.066","article-title":"Tumor volume changes assessed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance volumetry in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiation: the impact of the volume reduction ratio on the prediction of pathologic complete response","volume":"76","author":"Kang JH","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.3769","article-title":"Tumor regression grading after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal carcinoma revisited: updated results of the CAO\/ARO\/AIO-94 trial","volume":"32","author":"Fokas E","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08591-z","article-title":"Current controversies in TNM for the radiological staging of rectal cancer and how to deal with them: results of a global online survey and multidisciplinary expert consensus","volume":"32","author":"Lambregts DMJ","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11102135","article-title":"Locally advanced rectal cancer: added value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for predicting tumor clearance of the mesorectal fascia after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy","volume":"260","author":"Park MJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2521081364","article-title":"Locally advanced rectal cancer: MR imaging for restaging after neoadjuvant radiation therapy with concomitant chemotherapy. Part II. What are the criteria to predict involved lymph nodes?","volume":"252","author":"Lahaye MJ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Radiologia Brasileira"],"original-title":["Resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica do reto no reestadiamento ap\u00f3s terapia neoadjuvante: um guia pr\u00e1tico"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0100-39842024000100302&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T11:38:02Z","timestamp":1723462682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-39842024000100302&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0100-39842024000100302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0100-3984.2024.0004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-7099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-7099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e20240004"}}