{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T15:11:24Z","timestamp":1764947484774,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiol Bras"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract  Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the mean thyroid lobe diameter (MTLD) and the transverse tracheal diameter (TTD), as determined by ultrasound, in order to validate its efficacy as a quantitative marker of goiter.  Materials and Methods: Thyroid ultrasound images were analyzed. Standardized measurements included the MTLD [(transverse + anteroposterior diameter) \u2215 2], TTD, and thyroid volume [transverse diameter \u00d7 anteroposterior diameter \u00d7 length \u00d7 0.470]. Statistical correlation and regression analyses were employed to assess the interactions among those variables and their diagnostic utility in goiter detection.  Results: A total of 300 thyroid ultrasound images (200 of adults and 100 of children\/adolescents) were evaluated. We identified a significant correlation between the MTLD:TTD ratio and goiter. When the MTLD exceeded the normative TTD threshold (&gt; 1.7 cm in adults; &gt; 2.4 cm in children\/adolescents), the mean thyroid volume was consistently elevated, in the adult patients\u201412.5 \u00b1 2.1 mL (normal range, 7\u201310 mL)\u2014and in the pediatric patients\u201418.3 \u00b1 3.6 mL (normal range, 5.0\u201316.1 mL)\u2014confirming goiter (p &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated a strong linear relationship between thyroid volume and the MTLD (R\u00b2 = 0.82; \u03b2 = 1.34; p &lt; 0.001), with 89% sensitivity and 93% specificity for goiter prediction. An abnormal tracheal index (1.7\u20132.4 vs. the observed mean of 2.6 \u00b1 0.3) was found to increase diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91\u20130.97).  Conclusion: The MTLD:TTD ratio is a reliable ultrasound biomarker for goiter detection, demonstrating strong diagnostic performance and volumetric correlation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0100-3984.2025.0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1764947200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between the mean diameter of the thyroid lobes and the transverse diameter of the trachea: an ultrasound marker for goiters"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7714-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Jesu\u00edno","family":"de Oliveira Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3447-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Correia Matos de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 Silveira,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Matos de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30831","article-title":"Arrested descent of the thyroid: a new manifestation of abnormal thyroid embryology","volume":"134","author":"Branstetter BF 4th","year":"2024","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Review of the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland","volume":"(104)","author":"Chigot JP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Soins Chir"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0005","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of euthyroid and toxic multinodular goiter","volume":"26","author":"Krohn K","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0047","article-title":"Etiology of simple goiter","volume":"19","author":"Heged\u00fcs L","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0346","article-title":"History of thyroid ultrasound","volume":"33","author":"Levine RA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref6","first-page":"55s","article-title":"Thyroid ultrasonography B-mode and color-Doppler","volume":"56","author":"Fukunari N","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.11152\/mu-999","article-title":"Thyroid ultrasound: state of the art. Part 2 \u2013 focal thyroid lesions","volume":"19","author":"Dighe M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010115","article-title":"Does radioactive iodine treatment affect thyroid size and tracheal diameter?","volume":"14","author":"Demir KY","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2018.07.007","article-title":"Can thyroid ultrasonography predict substernal extension or tracheal compression in goiters?","volume":"69","author":"Ziai H","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-021-01398-3","article-title":"Assessing the accuracy of ultrasound measurements of tracheal diameter: an in vitro experimental study","volume":"21","author":"Ye R","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0291","article-title":"American Thyroid Association statement on optimal surgical management of goiter","volume":"24","author":"Chen AY","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"230","article-title":"Does ultrasonographic volume of the thyroid gland correlate with difficult intubation? An observational study","volume":"65","author":"Meco BC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55050143","article-title":"Determining the thyroid gland volume causing tracheal compression: a semiautomated 3D CT volumetry study","volume":"55","author":"Binar M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.18597","article-title":"Reference values for central airway dimensions on CT images of children and adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Kuo W","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1440213","article-title":"Toward a consensus on reference values for thyroid volume in iodine-replete schoolchildren: results of a workshop on inter-observer and inter-equipment variation in sonographic measurement of thyroid volume","volume":"144","author":"Zimmermann MB","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616621","article-title":"Intra- and interobserver variability of thyroid volume measurements in healthy adults by 2D versus 3D ultrasound","volume":"46","author":"Andermann P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00711","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000711","article-title":"Ultrasound measurement of thyroid volume in healthy children","volume":"41","author":"\u00d6zdikici M","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130253","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130253","article-title":"Multiplanar 3D ultrasound imaging to assess the anatomy of the upper airway and measure the subglottic and tracheal diameters in adults","volume":"86","author":"Or DY","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-013-0856-x","article-title":"Salient anatomical landmarks of thyroid and their practical significance in thyroid surgery: a pictorial review of thyroid surgical anatomy (revisited)","volume":"76","author":"Bhargav PR","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2020.06.006","article-title":"Ultrasound of the normal thyroid with technical pearls and pitfalls","volume":"58","author":"Richman DM","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Radiologia Brasileira"],"original-title":["Rela\u00e7\u00e3o entre o di\u00e2metro m\u00e9dio dos lobos tireoidianos e o di\u00e2metro transversal da traqueia: um marcador ultrassonogr\u00e1fico para b\u00f3cio"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0100-39842025000100219&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T15:06:43Z","timestamp":1764947203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-39842025000100219&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0100-39842025000100219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0100-3984.2025.0045","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-7099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-7099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e20250045"}}