{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:45:41Z","timestamp":1759333541204},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Illicit drug use is related to individual characteristics; however, social and family environments seem to be associated with this consumption. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the relationships between parents or guardians and Brazilian adolescents that use illicit drugs. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE, 2015), in which the target population was school children from the ninth grade (eighth year). A total of 102,072 students were included in the current research, being 52,782 females and 49,290 males. Illicit drug use was the outcome and family relationship factors were the exposure. For adjustments, factors as sociodemographic characteristics, mental health, as well as tobacco and alcohol use were established. Univariate and multivariate analysis stratified by sex was conducted through Poisson regression, with a robust variance estimator to calculate the prevalence ratio and the 95% confidence interval. The general prevalence of illicit drug use was 3.8%; 3.3% among females and 4.4% among males. The following factors increase the prevalence ratio for illicit drug use in adolescents: not living with their parents, not feeling supervised by parents, and skipping classes without parents\u2019 consent. Never feeling understood by parents and frequent physical aggressions by family members were also associated with illicit drug use. Family relationships collaborate to illicit drug use among Brazilian adolescents, considering their sociodemographic factors, alcohol and smoking habits and parents and friends\u2019 profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00009518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T06:54:01Z","timestamp":1543560841000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Familiar factors and illicit drug use among Brazilian adolescents: an analysis of the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE, 2015)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hellen de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Antunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Rivadeneira-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador,  Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara Niegia Garcia de","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N\u00e1gila Soares Xavier","family":"Oenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Adolescents: health risks and solutions."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60512-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years a systematic analysis","volume":"377","author":"Gore FM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050141","article-title":"Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"5","author":"Degenhardt L","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.026","article-title":"Factors associated with illicit drugs' lifetime and frequent\/heavy use among students results from a population survey","volume":"237","author":"Bitancourt T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-73722009000100021","article-title":"Estilos parentais e consumo de drogas entre adolescentes revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica","volume":"14","author":"Paiva FS","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psicol Estud"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2012000400007","article-title":"Uso de subst\u00e2ncias na adolesc\u00eancia e problemas familiares","volume":"28","author":"Malbergier A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"issue":"Spe","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692010000700004","article-title":"Factores protectores de las familias para prevenir el consumo de drogas en un municipio de Colombia","volume":"18","author":"Medina Arias N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Latinoam Enferm"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn008","article-title":"Remembered parenting styles and adjustment in middle and late adulthood","volume":"64B","author":"Rothrauff TC","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.2307\/1131416","article-title":"Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families","volume":"65","author":"Steinberg L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2004000300002","article-title":"A import\u00e2ncia da fam\u00edlia no tratamento do uso abusivo de drogas uma revis\u00e3o da literatura","volume":"20","author":"Schenker M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-016-0710-z","article-title":"Influence of early onset of alcohol use on the development of adolescent alcohol problems a longitudinal binational study","volume":"18","author":"Kim MJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742017000300017","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade do Escolar - 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