{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:18:49Z","timestamp":1762859929064,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cad. Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate whether individuals who self-identify as black and\/or mixed-race have a higher prevalence of tooth loss compared to white individuals in Brazil, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Embase, and gray literature databases. Two independent reviewers performed the searches and article selection processes. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for observational cohort studies, and its modified version was used for cross-sectional studies. The I2 statistic assessed the heterogeneity of studies included in the meta-analyses. Of the 25 articles eligible for qualitative evaluation, 17 were included in the quantitative assessment. Sample sizes ranged from 101 to 18,718 individuals aged 11 to 74 years. Most studies compared white individuals to non-white individuals (black, mixed-race, Asian, and Indigenous people). In the comparison between white and non-white individuals, no differences were found concerning edentulism (OR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.71; 1.06), absence of functional dentition (OR = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.33; 2.03), or mean number of missing teeth (MD = -0.21; 95%CI: -2.92; 2.49), but it was associated with tooth loss (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.26; 1.55). When comparing black\/mixed-race people to white individuals, tooth loss was higher among those who self-identified as black\/mixed-race (OR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.27; 1.57). This difference was also observed when comparing black\/mixed-race individuals to other races\/skin color (OR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.15; 1.33). Overall, studies conducted in Brazil found that tooth loss was more prevalent among self-declared black and\/or mixed-race individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311xen210723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:16:07Z","timestamp":1762859767000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the association between racial inequities and edentulism in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Oliveira de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal dos Vales de Jequitinhonha e Mucuri,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9195-7689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Galo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4580-9175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yure Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Gusm\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal dos Vales de Jequitinhonha e Mucuri,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7338-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eliza da Consola\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal dos Vales de Jequitinhonha e Mucuri,  Brazil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27106","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.27106","article-title":"Inequalities in health definitions, concepts, and theories","volume":"8","author":"Arcaya MC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Racism and racial inequity in poor self-rated health the role of intergenerational social mobility in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)","volume":"38","author":"Camelo LV","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios Cont\u00ednua. Divulga\u00e7\u00e3o das caracter\u00edsticas gerais dos domic\u00edlios e dos moradores, 2022","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-11042013000400016","article-title":"Iniquidades raciais e sa\u00fade o ciclo da pol\u00edtica de sa\u00fade da popula\u00e7\u00e3o negra","volume":"37","author":"Batista LE","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sa\u00fade Debate"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892012000200007","article-title":"Iniquidades raciais em sa\u00fade bucal no Brasil","volume":"31","author":"Guiotoku SK","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-81232005000100013","article-title":"Masculinidade, ra\u00e7a\/cor e sa\u00fade","volume":"10","author":"Baptist LE","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2005000500033","article-title":"Aspectos epidemiol\u00f3gicos das desigualdades raciais em sa\u00fade no Brasil","volume":"21","author":"Chor D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2013047004226","article-title":"Perdas dent\u00e1rias no Brasil: an\u00e1lise da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade Bucal 2010.","volume":"47","author":"Peres MP","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-6539(20)34095-8","article-title":"Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults","volume":"60","author":"Polzer I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2007000800007","article-title":"Perdas dent\u00e1rias e fatores sociais, demogr\u00e1ficos e de servi\u00e7os associados em adultos brasileiros uma an\u00e1lise dos dados do Estudo Epidemiol\u00f3gico Nacional (Projeto SB Brasil 2002-2003)","volume":"23","author":"Barbato PR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232015209.17322014","article-title":"Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o das perdas dent\u00e1rias fatores associados a uma nova medida em uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o de adultos","volume":"20","author":"Batista MJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"Risk factors for tooth loss in adults: a population-based prospective cohort study.","volume":"14","author":"Silva J\u00fanior MF","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00891-8","article-title":"Is racial discrimination associated with number of missing teeth among American adults","volume":"8","author":"Muralikrishnan M","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre perda dent\u00e1ria e desigualdades relacionadas \u00e0 cor da pele: resultados do estudo Pr\u00f3-Sa\u00fade","author":"Gon\u00e7alves LG","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Projeto SB Brasil: condi\u00e7\u00f5es de sa\u00fade bucal da popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira 2002-2003 - principais resultados;","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"SB Brasil 2010: Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade Bucal. Resultados principais","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Inqu\u00e9ritos epidemiol\u00f3gicos de base populacional e fatores associados \u00e0 perda dent\u00e1ria em adultos no munic\u00edpio de S\u00e3o Paulo, na regi\u00e3o Sudeste e no Brasil","author":"Brizolara RV","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre iniquidades raciais e condi\u00e7\u00e3o de sa\u00fade bucal revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica","volume":"29","author":"Reis LAO","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses.","author":"Wells GA","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Condi\u00e7\u00f5es de sa\u00fade bucal e sua rela\u00e7\u00e3o com desempenho escolar e absente\u00edsmo em crian\u00e7as e adolescentes: revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica","author":"Quadros LN","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-45","article-title":"Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers' to authors' assessments.","volume":"14","author":"Lo CK","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2003.tb00649.x","article-title":"Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of dental caries and restorative dental treatment in Brazilian children","volume":"53","author":"Antunes JL","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Medo, ansiedade e dor de dente em adolescentes: impacto na qualidade de vida, sa\u00fade bucal e acesso aos servi\u00e7os de sa\u00fade","author":"Carvalho FS","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2005000500010","article-title":"C\u00e1rie dent\u00e1ria em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade no Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil, 2002","volume":"21","author":"Gushi LL","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2010.00446.x","article-title":"Analysis of socio-demographic and systemic health factors and the normative conditions of oral health care in a population of the Brazilian elderly","volume":"29","author":"Mendes DC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Social capital and factors associated with the caries experience in adults - a population-based study in Brazil Braz","volume":"33","author":"Nogueira JS","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572009000500008","article-title":"Dental caries and tooth loss in adults in a Brazilian southeastern state","volume":"17","author":"Rihs LB","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572009000100003","article-title":"Dental caries in an elderly population in Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Rihs LB","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Impacto da denti\u00e7\u00e3o funcional na qualidade de vida e vari\u00e1veis socioecon\u00f4micas de idosos do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","author":"Sanchez TP","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892007001000003","article-title":"Uso de servi\u00e7os odontol\u00f3gicos entre idosos brasileiros","volume":"22","author":"Martins AMEBL","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"317","article-title":"Use of crack cocaine increases tooth loss","volume":"34","author":"Antoniazzi RP","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3901","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320202510.02202019","article-title":"Oral health-related quality of life and associated factors in the elderly a population- based cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Cola\u00e7o J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2011.00617.x","article-title":"Oral health status in the elderly in Southern Brazil a population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Gaio EJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20396\/bjos.v19i0.8659272","article-title":"Concern with dental appearance and associated factors among the elderly of two southern Brazilian cities a cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Sachetti DG","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"75","article-title":"Demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with dental caries in a low-income northeastern community.","volume":"18","author":"Landim JR","year":"2013","journal-title":"RFO UPF"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00054016","article-title":"Uso e necessidade de pr\u00f3tese dent\u00e1ria em idosos brasileiros segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Sa\u00fade Bucal (SBBrasil 2010) preval\u00eancias e fatores associados","volume":"33","author":"Azevedo JS","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Desigualdades entre adolescentes brasileiros relacionadas \u00e0 ra\u00e7a\/cor: a c\u00e1rie dent\u00e1ria como indicador de sa\u00fade bucal","author":"Drummond AMA","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2010.494617","article-title":"Tooth loss in middle-aged Brazilian adults multilevel effects","volume":"68","author":"Moreira RS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2009.12.001","article-title":"National survey of the incidence of missing anterior teeth potential use in bite mark analysis in the Brazilian context","volume":"50","author":"Lopez TT","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2009000200021","article-title":"Auto-avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de sa\u00fade bucal em idosos an\u00e1lise com base em modelo multidimensional","volume":"25","author":"Martins AMEBL","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Condi\u00e7\u00e3o periodontal, perda dent\u00e1ria e diferen\u00e7as socioecon\u00f4micas em adultos e idosos brasileiros","author":"Prado RL","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Posi\u00e7\u00e3o social, agrupamento de condi\u00e7\u00f5es cl\u00ednicas bucais e qualidade de vida em crian\u00e7as: uma an\u00e1lise baseada no Projeto SBBrasil 2010","author":"Meira GF","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.18865\/ed.28.3.201","article-title":"Do socioeconomic conditions explain ethnic inequalities in tooth loss among US adults","volume":"28","author":"Nazer FW","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-462x201600030244","article-title":"Fatores associados aos sentimentos decorrentes da perda dent\u00e1ria total e \u00e0s expectativas de reposi\u00e7\u00e3o prot\u00e9tica em adultos e idosos","volume":"24","author":"Probst LF","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade Colet (Rio J.)"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232023284.11452022","article-title":"O uso dos servi\u00e7os odontol\u00f3gicos no \u00faltimo ano na popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica com metan\u00e1lise","volume":"28","author":"Teixeira CNG","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320222710.08822022en","article-title":"Filling out the race\/skin color item in the patient identification form aspects of its implementation in a university hospital","volume":"27","author":"Geraldo RM","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ci\u00eanc Sa\u00fade Colet"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.34019\/1982-8047.2022.v48.39518","article-title":"Influ\u00eancia da ra\u00e7a na falta de acesso a servi\u00e7os odontol\u00f3gicos entre alunos de uma universidade do Sudeste do Brasil","volume":"48","author":"Cunha RO","year":"2022","journal-title":"HU Rev"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"485","article-title":"Iniquidades raciais em sa\u00fade no Brasil uma revis\u00e3o integrativa","volume":"13","author":"Rodrigues MP","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev ABPN"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Desigualdades raciais em sa\u00fade e a pandemia de COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"Goes EF","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trab Educ Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311x00108620","article-title":"Racial and regional inequalities of dental pain in adolescents: Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), 2009 to 2015.","volume":"37","author":"Costa F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cad Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112305","article-title":"Is racism a fundamental cause of inequalities in health","volume":"41","author":"Phelan JC","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Sociol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1590\/S1414-32832012005000004","article-title":"O conceito de racismo institucional aplica\u00e7\u00f5es no campo da sa\u00fade","volume":"16","author":"L\u00f3pez LC","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interface Comun Sa\u00fade Educ"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Conflitos com o paciente, cor\/ra\u00e7a e concep\u00e7\u00f5es de estudantes de Odontologia uma an\u00e1lise com graduandos no Sul do Brasil","volume":"29","author":"Candido LC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physis (Rio J.)"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2005.00255.x","article-title":"A. Influence of the patient's race on the dentist's decision to extract or retain a decayed tooth.","volume":"33","author":"Cabral ED","year":"2005","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091558","article-title":"Racial discrimination and uptake of dental services among American adults","volume":"16","author":"Sabbah W","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"756","article-title":"Discrimination and stigma in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights","volume":"29","author":"Melo KP","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Bio\u00e9t"},{"key":"ref58","first-page":"26","article-title":"Fatores contextuais e uso dos servi\u00e7os odontol\u00f3gicos p\u00fablicos por jovens em Sobral-CE","volume":"19","author":"Filgueira AA","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sanare (Sobral, Online)"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Lei n\u00ba 14.572, de 8 de maio de 2023. Institui a Pol\u00edtica Nacional de Sa\u00fade Bucal no \u00e2mbito do Sistema \u00danico de Sa\u00fade (SUS) e altera a Lei n\u00ba 8.080, de 19 de setembro de 1990, para incluir a sa\u00fade bucal no campo de atua\u00e7\u00e3o do SUS.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07451-2","article-title":"Bias and causal associations in observational research","volume":"359","author":"Grimes DA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.24.100901.140927","article-title":"Classification of race and ethnicity implications for public health","volume":"24","author":"Mays VM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"}],"container-title":["Cadernos de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"original-title":["An\u00e1lise da associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre desigualdades raciais e edentulismo no Brasil: uma revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica e metan\u00e1lise"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S0102-311X2025001001100&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T11:16:15Z","timestamp":1762859775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2025001001100&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S0102-311X2025001001100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0102-311xen210723","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4464","0102-311X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4464","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0102-311X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e00210723"}}