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Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos favorecem a dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o de doen\u00e7as de veicula\u00e7\u00e3o h\u00eddrica. Em 2024, o Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, enfrentou enchentes hist\u00f3ricas, cujo efeito sobre a ocorr\u00eancia de leptospirose foi analisado neste estudo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com dados secund\u00e1rios de sistemas oficiais de sa\u00fade, comparando casos confirmados, interna\u00e7\u00f5es e \u00f3bitos entre abril e julho de 2023 e de 2024. Foram examinadas varia\u00e7\u00f5es mensais, caracter\u00edsticas sociodemogr\u00e1ficas e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o espacial dos casos. Considerando o per\u00edodo de abril a julho, o n\u00famero de casos aumentou de 117 em 2023 para 1.007 em 2024, um crescimento de 7,6 vezes, com pico sendo registrado em maio de 2024 (516 registros). As interna\u00e7\u00f5es passaram de 89 para 228, destacando-se junho (76 em 2024 contra 15 em 2023), e os \u00f3bitos subiram de 7 para 35, com maior aumento correspondendo ao m\u00eas de maio (1 em 2023 e 20 em 2024). Apesar do aumento absoluto, a letalidade caiu de 6% em 2023 para 3,5% em 2024. Os grupos mais afetados em 2024 permaneceram homens jovens e brancos na rela\u00e7\u00e3o com 2023. Mais de 200 munic\u00edpios notificaram casos em 2024, com destaque para Porto Alegre, Alvorada, Canoas e S\u00e3o Leopoldo (todos integrantes da Regi\u00e3o Metropolitana de Porto Alegre), que concentraram quase metade das ocorr\u00eancias. Os resultados sugerem que as enchentes contribuem para a intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o da transmiss\u00e3o, a sobrecarga hospitalar e o aumento dos \u00f3bitos por leptospirose, refor\u00e7ando a import\u00e2ncia da integra\u00e7\u00e3o entre a vigil\u00e2ncia epidemiol\u00f3gica, a infraestrutura urbana e as estrat\u00e9gias preventivas, a fim de reduzir a vulnerabilidade populacional diante de futuros desastres clim\u00e1ticos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-311xpt111125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T11:00:28Z","timestamp":1783335628000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enchentes no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em 2024, e seus efeitos na epidemiologia da leptospirose"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7595-6521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo Madeira","family":"Diefenthaeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7504-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexia Antunes","family":"Deluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3940-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9ssica Manami","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4208-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio Tavares","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2794-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius da Silva","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8345-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia Giacomet","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5331-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger Ferreira","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9465-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Rigatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113688","article-title":"Extreme weather events in europe and their health consequences - a systematic review","volume":"233","author":"Weilnhammer V","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. 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