{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:17:38Z","timestamp":1787023058533,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. Dent. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the existence of association between the angulation of the styloid process on the anterior and medial directions with the intensity of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) symptoms. Fifty patients (8 men and 42 women) aged 25 to 70 years, with relevant TMD symptoms were evaluated. Clinical examinations were performed to determine the severity of TMD symptoms (orofacial pain, headache, tinnitus and dizziness) based on the RDC\/TMD criteria and the visual analogue scale (VAS), and digital radiographic images of the styloid process were obtained: lateral cephalometric skull radiograph (analysis of anterior angulation) and posteroanterior skull radiograph (reverse Towne's projection) (analysis of medial angulation). The anterior angulation average of the styloid process was 20.89\u00b0 while the medial angulation average was 19.1\u00b0 in the right side and 19.04\u00b0 in the left side. There was no statistically significant difference among the patient groups (severe, moderate and mild symptoms) associating the TMD symptoms and the anterior or medial angulation of the styloid process (p&gt;0.05). There was no correlation between the intensity of the TMD symptoms and the measurements of anterior and medial angulation of the styloid process using either lateral cephalometric or posteroanterior radiographs (reverse Towne's projection).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201302126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]],"date-time":"2013-08-27T12:57:46Z","timestamp":1377608266000},"page":"80-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anterior and medial angulations of the styloid process in subjects with TMD: clinical and radiographic findings"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Marcelo Oliveira","family":"Mazzetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USP - University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly Machado de","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP - University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Valencise","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP - University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina Almeida","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP - University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Plauto Christopher Aranha","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USP - University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Orofacial pain: guidelines for assessment, diagnosis and management","volume":"4","author":"De Leeuw R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Quintessence"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0110-y","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders seen in rheumatology practices: a review","volume":"26","author":"Atsu SS","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1067\/mpr.2001.116231","article-title":"A review of temporomandibular disorder diagnostic techniques","volume":"86","author":"Baba K","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00153-7","article-title":"Prevalence of otologic complaints in patients with temporomandibular disorder","volume":"123","author":"Tuz HH","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2003.01249.x","article-title":"Signs of temporomandibular disorders in tinnitus patients and in a population-based group of volunteers results of the study of health in Pomerania","volume":"31","author":"Bernhardt O","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2008.07.195","article-title":"Intraoral approach for surgical treatment of Eagle syndrome","volume":"47","author":"de Souza Carvalho AC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"70","article-title":"Stylalgia or Eagle syndrome: report of a case","volume":"57","author":"Catelani C","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dent Cadmos"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"21","article-title":"Eagle's syndrome: a case of symptomatic calcification of the stylohyoid ligaments","volume":"47","author":"Feldman VB","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1949.03760110046003","article-title":"Symptomatic elongated styloid process: Report of two cases of styloid process-carotid artery syndrome with operation","volume":"49","author":"Eagle WW","year":"1949","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(03)00522-5","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorder or Eagle's syndrome? 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