{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:51:29Z","timestamp":1789102289685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. Dent. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1\u03b1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proteins that stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. These proteins have been described in many pathologic and inflammatory conditions, but their involvement in the development of periodontitis has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compared the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins, involved in angiogenesis and hypoxia, by imunnostained inflammatory and endothelial cells in periodontal disease and healthy gingival tissues. Gingival tissue samples were divided as follows: 30 samples with chronic periodontitis, 30 with chronic gingivitis, and 30 of healthy gingiva. Results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (p=0.01). Inflammatory and endothelial cells were found to express these proteins. Periodontitis showed median percentage of HIF-1\u03b1-positive cells of 39.6%, 22.0% in cases of gingivitis and 0.9% in the healthy gingiva group (p=0.001). For VEGF, median percentage of immunopositive cells was 68.7% for periodontitis, 66.1% in cases for gingivitis, and 19.2% for healthy gingival specimens (p&lt;0.001). Significant correlation between VEGF and HIF-1\u03b1 was also observed in healthy gingiva (p&lt;0.001).The increased expression of HIF-1\u03b1\u03b1 and VEGF in periodontitis, compared to gingivitis and healthy gingiva, suggests possible activation of the HIF-1\u03b1 pathway in advanced periodontal disease. The correlation between HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF expression in healthy gingiva suggests a physiological function for these proteins in conditions of homeostasis. In periodontal disease, HIF-1 and VEGF expression may be regulated by other factors, in addition to hypoxia, such as bacterial endotoxins and inflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201600533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,2]],"date-time":"2016-04-02T21:49:52Z","timestamp":1459633792000},"page":"117-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Immunoexpression of HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF in Periodontal Disease and Healthy Gingival Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Roseane Carvalho","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio de Lisboa Lopes","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseana de Almeida","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Aguiar do Amaral","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Rafaela Martins dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le\u00e3o Pereira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno C\u00e9sar de Vasconcelos","family":"Gurgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02349.x","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor in human periodontal disease","volume":"33","author":"Booth V","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402012000400003","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD25+ cell expression in the progression of periodontal disease","volume":"23","author":"Lins RDAU","year":"2012","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060398","article-title":"RANKL upregulation associated with periodontitis and Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"78","author":"Wara-aswapati N","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100100","article-title":"Expression Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 in human periodontal tissue","volume":"82","author":"N g","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2004.1","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) alpha: its protein stability and biological functions","volume":"36","author":"Lee JW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. 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