{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:15:08Z","timestamp":1784542508201,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. Dent. J."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract In the present study we compared the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib with those of the classical non-selective NSAID diclofenac on the inflammatory process and alveolar bone loss in an experimental model of periodontitis in rats. Ninety male Holtzman rats (250 g) were randomly sorted into four experimental groups: Sham+CMC and Ligature+CMC (control) groups which received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) solution; Ligature+Diclofenac and Ligature+Etoricoxib groups which received Potassium Diclofenac and Etoricoxib, respectively, suspended in 0.5% CMC (10 mg\/kg\/day). At 7, 14 and 21 days after placing ligatures in the cervical region of both the lower right and left first molars, the animals were euthanized. At the end of each period, the mandibles were collected for radiographic examination of alveolar bone loss. In addition, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament tissue samples were collected for COX-2 expression analysis and gingival tissues were collected for measurement of PGE2 contents. Animals with ligature-induced periodontal disease showed significant increased COX-2 gene expression at days 7, 14 and 21 (p&lt;0.05) on alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. However, both treatments resulted in significantly reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to the untreated Ligature group (p&lt;0.05), with no statistical difference between Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Potassium groups. This study shows that both drugs were able to reduce alveolar bone loss after periodontal disease induction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201902241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,6]],"date-time":"2019-04-06T16:30:06Z","timestamp":1554568206000},"page":"133-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effects of Selective Versus Non-Selective COX-2 Inhibition on Experimental Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7601-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella Goetz","family":"Moro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia Dantas dos Santos","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leticia Rodrigues de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8515-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone Aparecida","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8342-5586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Nicolas","family":"Muscar\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0592-542X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Carlos","family":"Spolidorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9413-5253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marinella","family":"Holzhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.140520","article-title":"Update on prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: NHANES 2009 to 2012","volume":"86","author":"Eke PI","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200202","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: a new paradigm for the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases","volume":"82","author":"Van Dyke TE","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00428.x","article-title":"Translating science into action-prevention of periodontal disease at patient level","volume":"60","author":"Baehni PC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12380","article-title":"Association between low-dose aspirin and periodontal disease: results from the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2011-2012","volume":"42","author":"Kotsakis GA","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.070135","article-title":"Gingival crevicular fluid levels of leukotriene B4 in periodontal health and disease","volume":"78","author":"Pradeep AR","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00454.x","article-title":"Systemic medication and the inflammatory cascade","volume":"64","author":"Alani A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Periodontol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00787.x","article-title":"Protective effects of etoricoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, in experimental periodontitis in rats","volume":"40","author":"Holzhausen M","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1021\/bi992551b","article-title":"Lipoxin A(4) analogues inhibit leukocyte recruitment to Porphyromonas gingivalis: a role for cyclooxygenase-2 and lipoxins in periodontal disease","volume":"39","author":"Pouliot M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2007.01069.x","article-title":"Role of systemic and local administration of selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase 1 and 2 in an experimental model of periodontal disease in rats","volume":"44","author":"Queiroz-Junior CM","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rhu.0000128851.12010.46","article-title":"Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal injury and events in patients treated with cyclooxygenase (COX)-1\/COX-2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 Selective NSAIDs, and gastroprotective cotherapy: an appraisal of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Dubois RW","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.128216","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitor and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in the reduction of alveolar bone loss in ligature induced periodontitis in rats: An experimental study","volume":"18","author":"Jagadish R","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ind Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.01.013","article-title":"Evidence that diclofenac and celecoxib are thyroid hormone receptor beta antagonists","volume":"146","author":"Zloh M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life sciences"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"558","article-title":"Etoricoxib (MK-0663): preclinical profile and comparison with other agents that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"296","author":"Riendeau D","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Experiment Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2002.73.9.1030","article-title":"Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats","volume":"73","author":"Holzhausen M","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70095-7","article-title":"Induction of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 in the rat stomach during endotoxemia: role in resistance to damage","volume":"113","author":"Ferraz JG","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"432","article-title":"Modulation of host PGE2 secretion as a determinant of periodontal disease expression","volume":"64","author":"Offenbacher S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5346com","article-title":"Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 synthesis by SC-560 is independent of cyclooxygenase 1 inhibition","volume":"20","author":"Brenneis C","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.05.002","article-title":"Participation of cyclooxygenase-1 in prostaglandin E2 release from synovitis tissue in primary osteoarthritis in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage","volume":"12","author":"Knorth H","year":"2004","journal-title":"Osteoart Res Soc"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"1813","article-title":"Similar maximum systemic but not local cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by 50 mg lumiracoxib and 90 mg etoricoxib: a randomized controlled trial in healthy subjects","volume":"31","author":"Felden L","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270008317590","article-title":"Comparative inhibitory activity of etoricoxib, celecoxib, and diclofenac on COX-2 versus COX-1 in healthy subjects","volume":"48","author":"Schwartz JI","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.12.1754","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors decrease interleukin-1beta-stimulated prostaglandin E2 and IL-6 production by human gingival fibroblasts","volume":"74","author":"Tipton DA","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.1.57","article-title":"Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on gingival tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha and clinical parameters of chronic periodontitis","volume":"74","author":"Vardar S","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12083","article-title":"Periodontitis increases vascular cyclooxygenase-2: potential effect on vascular tone","volume":"49","author":"Mendes RT","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(01)01391-1","article-title":"Evidence for the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme in periodontitis","volume":"70","author":"Lohinai Z","year":"2001","journal-title":"Life Sci"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/bdj\/v30n2\/1806-4760-bdj-30-02-133.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T08:22:14Z","timestamp":1581409334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-64402019000200133&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0103-64402019000200133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-6440201902241","relation":{},"ISSN":["1806-4760","0103-6440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1806-4760","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0103-6440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}}}