{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T01:14:46Z","timestamp":1775956486907,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. Dent. J."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The study aimed to compare two different methods (wooden spatula and plastic pipette) for the collection of unstimulated saliva for colony counting of Mutans Streptococci species (MS) (microbiological caries risk), in infants and toddlers. The children\u2019s behavior was favorable (very comfortable or comfortable) and unfavorable (uncomfortable or very uncomfortable), while the saliva collection, was also evaluated. Saliva samples were obtained from 19 children aged 1-29 months, of both sexes and seeded by both methods, obtaining the MS CFU numbers. The ANOVA test was used to statistically analyze the microbiological results, and the Z-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the behavioral assessment (\u03b1= 0,05%). 63.1% and 57.9% of children had MS in their saliva, using the saliva collection techniques with a spatula and a pipette, respectively. The number of CFUs was an average of 10.47 for saliva collected with the spatula and 7.32 for saliva collected with the pipette, however, there was no statistical difference between the methods (p=0.696653). Comparing the ages 1-6 months and 18-29 months, the older children showed higher CFU numbers, for both methods (p=0.000383). The clinical assessment of the child\u2019s behavior demonstrated a significant statistical difference between the two methods, with more positive behavior for the spatula (p&lt;0.001). In conclusion, the wooden spatula method can be used for saliva collection and quantifying of the MS levels in infants and toddlers, since there was no significant difference in the CFUs count, furthermore is better accepted based on the child's behavior, compared to the plastic pipette technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-644020256407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T22:23:08Z","timestamp":1744842188000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of wooden spatula and plastic pipette methods for caries risk assessment in infants and toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvina","family":"Tineo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Tucum\u00e1n,  Argentina; National University of Tucum\u00e1n,  Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8802-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Nelson-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5197-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Citolino","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8129-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Maria Alvarez","family":"Gimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Tucum\u00e1n,  Argentina; National University of Tucum\u00e1n,  Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0230-1347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Assed Bezzera da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7118-6859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea Assed Bezzera da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3312-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Estela","family":"Saravia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Tucum\u00e1n,  Argentina; National University of Tucum\u00e1n,  Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12490","article-title":"IAPD Bangkok Declaration","volume":"29","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"198","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2486","article-title":"A preliminarily investigation on oral colonization and counts of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis in a group of predentate infants in relation to some maternal and infant factors (a longitudinal observational study)","volume":"16","author":"Wassel MO","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"41","key":"ref4","first-page":"95","article-title":"Risk factors for early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case control and cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Kirthiga M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2022.105607","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of salivary and biofilm bacteria associated with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions in pre-school children","volume":"146","author":"Manchanda S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12886","article-title":"Saliva in the \"Omics\" era: a promising tool in paediatrics","volume":"25","author":"Pappa E","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201600119","article-title":"Identification of salivary protein biomarkers for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption","volume":"11","author":"Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-023-00684-9","article-title":"Saliva Collection methods among children and adolescents: a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Fey JMH","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.9.5.584-588.1979","article-title":"Practical method to facilitate estimation of Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva","volume":"9","author":"K\u00f6hler B","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2007.00068.x","article-title":"Factors associated with dental caries experience in 1-year-old children","volume":"68","author":"Warren JJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.10.010","article-title":"Recovery of mutans streptococci on MSB, SB-20 and SB-20M agar media","volume":"58","author":"Saravia ME","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201300389","article-title":"Evaluation of chair-side assays in high microbiological caries-risk subjects","volume":"26","author":"Saravia ME","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2019.104595","article-title":"Morphological identification of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in SB-20M culture medium has efficiency comparable to proteomic identification by the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique","volume":"110","author":"Saravia ME","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-024-01009-3","article-title":"More than clean teeth! 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