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Dent. J."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract This study evaluated the pH, solubility, antimicrobial activity, and bond strength of a calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (80% calcium hydroxide and 20% zirconium oxide in polyethylene glycol 400 vehicle), evaluated alone or combined with 20% F18 bioactive glass or copper-doped F18 bioactive glass. Polyethylene tubes containing the medications were immersed in distilled water. pH (n=10) was measured after 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, and solubility (n=7) was determined after 7 and 14 days. Antimicrobial activity (n=6) was assessed using a modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis and\/or Candida albicans. For bond strength analysis (n=12), bovine roots were filled with the medications for 14 days and subsequently obturated with Bio-C Sealer or AH Plus. Specimens were subjected to a push-out test, and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s test (\u03b1=0.05). All formulations exhibited an alkaline pH (p&gt;0.05). The formulation without bioactive glass showed higher solubility (p&lt;0.05). The copper-doped bioactive glass formulation was the most effective against E. faecalis in single- and dual-species biofilms (p&lt;0.05), whereas the formulation without bioactive glass completely eradicated C. albicans (p&lt;0.05). Regarding bond strength, no differences were observed among groups obturated with AH Plus (p&gt;0.05). When Bio-C Sealer was used, the F18 bioactive glass formulation exhibited the highest bond strength to dentin (p&lt;0.05). Calcium hydroxide combined with F18 bioactive glass reduced solubility and improved the bond strength of Bio-C Sealer, whereas copper-doped bioactive glass enhanced antimicrobial performance, supporting their potential clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-644020267120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:46:59Z","timestamp":1792406819000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Bioactive Glasses: Physicochemical, Antimicrobial and Bond Strength Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7609-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Braz","family":"Pontes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University","place":["Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5182-6162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Dutra","family":"Rissato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University","place":["Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7702-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Lu\u00eds Busto","family":"Rosim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University","place":["Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1916-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Airton Oliveira","family":"Santos-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University","place":["Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]},{"name":"Universidade da Amaz\u00f4nia","place":["Bel\u00e9m, Par\u00e1, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0291-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Trevelin","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4931-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar Dutra","family":"Zanotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos","place":["S\u00e3o Carlos, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2574-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Tanomaru-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University","place":["Araraquara, S\u00e3o Paulo, 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