{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T14:00:37Z","timestamp":1787320837724,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective:  to assess whether the administration of different groups of intravenous analgesics in advanced life support nursing units to patients with acute trauma and moderate or severe pain significantly reduced perceived pain.  Method:  retrospective and analytical observational study, pre-post intervention type. Data were collected from the information system and medical records. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used to analyse pain levels at beginning and end of care, their association with the drugs administered, and care times.  Results:  data from 164 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 54\u00b121.49 years, and 48.78% were women. The initial score on a verbal numerical rating scale was = 8,48\u00b11,04 points, while the final score was 4.09\u00b12.32 points, with a statistically significant difference between both moments (p &lt;0.001). Opioid treatments showed greater analgesic efficacy than non-opioid analgesics (p=0.014).  Conclusion:  the administration of analgesia by nurses in advanced life support units in the out-of-hospital setting achieves a reduction in perceived pain in acute trauma. Opioids, alone or in combination with non-opioid analgesics, are associated with greater pain reduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1518-8345.7899.4903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:00:25Z","timestamp":1787317225000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analgesia in trauma patients treated by advanced life support nursing units: a retrospective pre-post intervention observational study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0118-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00edndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMU 061 Baleares,  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0631-4686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Mar\u00eda","family":"Ur\u00e9ndez-Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMU 061 Baleares,  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6518-1748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Prieto-G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMU 061 Baleares,  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-2135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaume","family":"Ponce-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMU 061 Baleares,  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Cereceda-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMU 061 Baleares,  Spain; Universidad de las Islas Baleares,  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093289","article-title":"The pain management of trauma patients in the emergency department","volume":"12","author":"Fabbri A","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.10.038","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of therapeutics for traumatic musculoskeletal pain in the emergency setting: a network meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Yin X","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Pre-hospital treatment of acute trauma pain: an observational study","volume":"35","author":"Mota M","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paul Enferm"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-019-0588-4","article-title":"Prehospital intravenous fentanyl administered by ambulance personnel: a cluster-randomised comparison of two treatment protocols","volume":"27","author":"Friesgaard KD","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S376586","article-title":"Pain management in a prehospital emergency setting: a retrospective observational study","volume":"15","author":"Ferri P","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2019.02.012","article-title":"The use of a nurse-initiated pain protocol in the emergency department for patients with musculoskeletal injury: a pre-post intervention study","volume":"20","author":"Sepahvand M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.7748\/en.23.3.16.e1445","article-title":"Management of pain in pre-hospital settings","volume":"23","author":"Parker M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Nurse"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","first-page":"406","article-title":"Few emergency medical services patients with lower-extremity fractures receive prehospital analgesia","volume":"6","author":"McEachin CC","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","first-page":"167","article-title":"The effectiveness of nurse-initiated interventions in the emergency department: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Burgess L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas Emerg Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.08.016","article-title":"Studies comparing numerical rating scales, verbal rating scales, and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"41","author":"Hjermstad MJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-024-00961-8","article-title":"Patient experience of non-conveyance in the EMS of Southwest Finland: a descriptive survey study","volume":"24","author":"Skaffari E","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11851-0","article-title":"Finnish paramedics\u2019 professional quality of life and associations with assignment experiences and defusing use - a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Ericsson CR","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","first-page":"294","article-title":"Development of the pre-hospital emergency care, the registered nurses\u2019 role in the ambulance service - a Swedish perspective","volume":"6","author":"Skogvold S","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med (Los Angel)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S303998","article-title":"Nurse-administered analgesic treatment in Italian emergency medical services: a nationwide survey","volume":"14","author":"Imbriaco G","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.03.012","article-title":"Is pain really undertreated? 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