{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:17:56Z","timestamp":1787023076579,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Emus are large flightless birds in the ratite group and are native to Australia. Since the mid-1980s, there has been increased interest in the captive breeding of emus for the production of leather, meat and oil. The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites in the feces of emus Dromaius novaehollandiae from a South American scientific breeding. Fecal samples collected from 13 birds were examined by direct smears, both with and without centrifugation, as well as by the fecal flotation technique using Sheather\u2019s sugar solution. Trophozoites, cysts and oocysts of protozoa and nematode eggs were morphologically and morphometrically evaluated. Molecular analysis using PCR assays with specific primers for the genera Entamoeba, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were performed. Trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba spp. and Giardia spp., oocysts of Eimeria spp. and Isospora dromaii, as well as eggs belonging to the Ascaridida order were found in the feces. Three animals were diagnosed with Giardia spp., and three were positive for Entamoeba spp. based on PCR techniques. After analyzing the data, we concluded that emus were infected enzootically by nematode and protozoan species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.189922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T15:49:43Z","timestamp":1558194583000},"page":"66-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gastrointestinal parasites of a population of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6045-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. S. M.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8756-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. S.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2276-607X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. B.","family":"Ederli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2340-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. C. R.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00422-3","article-title":"Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from beef calves in Alberta, Canada","volume":"112","author":"APPELBEE A.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Intestinal parasitism on ostriches (Struthio camelus australis Linnaeus, 1786) from South Region of Esp\u00edrito Santo State, in 2006","volume":"103","author":"BATISTA A.M.B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Portuguesa de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4067\/S0301-732X2001000200014","article-title":"Parasitological findings of lesser rhea, Pterocnemia pennata (D\u2019orbigy) in faeces from northern patagonian, Argentina","volume":"33","author":"CHANG REISSIG E.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Ratite Management, Medicine and surgery","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Parasites of Ratites.","author":"CRAIG T.M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"The 16th international ornithological congress","first-page":"109","volume-title":"The natural history of the emu in comparison with that of other ratites.","author":"DAVIES S.J.J.F.","year":"1976"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in a fresh water supply source contaminated with human and animal excreta and waste water","volume":"60","author":"DIAS G.M.F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria e Zootecnia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2307\/3282146","article-title":"SEM evidence for a new species, Giardia psittaci.","volume":"73","author":"ERLANDSEN S.L.","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90197-4","article-title":"Evidence that giardiasis is a zoonosis","volume":"4","author":"FAUBERT G.M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitology Today"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"224","article-title":"Criptosporidiose su\u00edna associada aos sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o no Estado do Rio de Janeiro","volume":"17","author":"FIUZA V.R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2014.07.002","article-title":"A new coccidian, Isospora rheae sp. nov. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae), from Rhea americana (Aves, Rheidae) from South America","volume":"3","author":"GALLO S.S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology. Parasites and Wildlife"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Avian Medicine: Principles and Application","first-page":"1014","volume-title":"Parasites","author":"GREINER E.C.","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2307\/3284315","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA sequencing reveals differences between the genotypes of Giardia isolates recovered from humans and dogs living in the same locality","volume":"83","author":"HOPKINS R.M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.2.1334","article-title":"Diseases of farmed crocodiles and ostriches","volume":"21","author":"HUCHZERMEYER F.W.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Revue Scientifique et Technique"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine","volume-title":"Infection and parasitic diseases of ratites.","author":"JENSEN J.M.","year":"1993","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Chov a nemoci p\u0161tros\u016f.","author":"JURAJDA V.","year":"2002","edition":"1st"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2307\/1590109","article-title":"Etiology and epidemiology of verminous encephalitis in an emu","volume":"26","author":"KAZACOS K.R.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00314-9","article-title":"Entamoeba sp. (Sarcomastigophora: Endamoebidae) from ostriches (Struthio camelus) (Aves: Struthionidae)","volume":"92","author":"MART\u00cdNEZ-D\u00cdAZ R.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.021","article-title":"Gastrointestinal parasites in greater rheas (Rhea americana) and lesser rheas (Rhea pennata) from Argentina","volume":"194","author":"MARTINEZ-DIAZ R.A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","first-page":"143","article-title":"Parasitismo gastrintestinal e aspectos do manejo de avestruzes (Struthio camelus) de pequenas propriedades do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil","volume":"8","author":"MATTOS M.J.T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Revista Veterin\u00e1ria em Foco"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","first-page":"281","article-title":"Coccidia oocysts in the faeces of farmed ostrich (Struthio camelus) chicks in Botswana","volume":"65","author":"MUSHI E.Z.","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental studies on Entamoeba with reference to speciation","volume":"4","author":"NEAL R.A.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2478\/v10295-012-0007-6","article-title":"Parasite Fauna of Ostriches, Emus and Rheas","volume":"45","author":"NEMEJC K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Parasitologia Humana","author":"NEVES D.P.","year":"2005","edition":"11th"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/253127","article-title":"Endoparasite Infections in Pet and Zoo Birds in Italy","volume":"2012","author":"PAPINI R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Scientific World Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","first-page":"283","article-title":"Evidence for cryptosporidial infection as a cause of prolapse of the phallus and cloaca in ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus)","volume":"61","author":"PENRITH M.L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","first-page":"60","article-title":"A Cryptosporidium sp. in an ostrich","volume":"64","author":"PENRITH M.L.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Association"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.05.023","article-title":"Intestinal parasitism in the animals zoological garden \u201cPe\u00f1a Escrita\u201d (Almu\u00f1ecar, Spain)","volume":"156","author":"P\u00c9REZ CORD\u00d3N G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00104-8","article-title":"Parasites from farmed ostriches (Struthio camelus) and rheas (Rhea americana) in Europe","volume":"107","author":"PONCE GORDO F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2003.10.022","article-title":"Entamoeba struthionis n.sp. (Sarcomastigophora: Endamoebidae) from ostriches (Struthio camelus)","volume":"119","author":"PONCE-GORDO F.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Parasitologia e doen\u00e7as parasit\u00e1rias do homem nas Am\u00e9ricas e na \u00c1frica","author":"REY L.","year":"2001","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Apostila de cria\u00e7\u00e3o de avestruzes.","author":"ROSA F.G.D.I.","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1742(23)80052-2","article-title":"The detection of intestinal protozoa and mange parasites by a flotation technique","volume":"36","author":"SHEATHER A.L.","year":"1923","journal-title":"The Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459808419378","article-title":"Oro-pharyngeal protozoa in captive bustards: clinical and pathological considerations","volume":"27","author":"SILVANOSE C.D.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.148.3.84","article-title":"Gastrointestinal parasites in ostriches (Struthio camelus)","volume":"148","author":"SOTIRAKI S.T.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Parasitolog\u00eda y enfermidades parasit\u00e1rias","author":"SOULSBY E.J.L.","year":"1987","edition":"7th"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","first-page":"6","article-title":"PCR detection of Entamoeba spp from surface and waste water samples using genus-specific primers","volume":"39","author":"SUKPRASERT S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4059-6","article-title":"Isospora dromaii n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Eimeriidae) isolated from emus, Dromaius novaehollandiae (Casuariiformes, Casuariidae)","volume":"113","author":"SANTOS TEIXEIRA C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Giardia: The Cosmopolitan Parasite","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Towards a better understanding of host specificity and the transmission of Giardia: The impact of Molecular epidemiology.","author":"THOMPSON R.C.A.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","first-page":"199","article-title":"Amoebae of the caeca of the common fowl and of the turkey - Entamoeba gallinarum, sp. n. and Pygolimax gregariniformis, gen. et spec. nov","volume":"41","author":"TYZZER E.E.","year":"1920","journal-title":"The Journal of Medical Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.2307\/1589546","article-title":"Verminous encephalitis in the emu","volume":"22","author":"WINTERFIELD R.W.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"137","article-title":"Isospora struthionis n. sp., coccidie de l\u2019autruche africaine","volume":"20","author":"YAKIMOFF W.L.","year":"1940","journal-title":"Annates de Ia Societe beige de Medecine Tropicale"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/pdf\/bjb\/v80n1\/1519-6984-bjb-1519-6984189922.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T06:47:48Z","timestamp":1614926868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842020000100066&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1519-69842020000100066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.189922","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}