{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:51:23Z","timestamp":1790995883622,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Fish is the most indispensable source of proteins for individuals and have high nutritional value. On the other hand, the fish culturing raised issues of fish health due to close contact between the aquatic environment and the fish pathogens. So, the aim of the current study was to identify the bacterial pathogens and screen the injured Rainbow trout rearing in different trout hatcheries run under fisheries department of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Seven bacterial pathogens such as Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter amnigenus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Serratia odorifera, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Bacillus cereus were isolated and identified. Results revealed that the injury of fish specimens was due to overcrowding. Instead of rainbow coloration, specimens have darker black in color. The water of ponds was not clean and clear and such conditions was because of the greater quantity of feed thrown in the water. It was concluded that poor hygienic water condition and overloading allowed the opportunistic bacterial contaminations to succeed which cause a serious threat to hatcheries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.217435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T19:42:42Z","timestamp":1571514162000},"page":"607-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessment and incidence of fish associated bacterial pathogens at hatcheries of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Kousar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0806-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Shafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Andleeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Mazhar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government College for Women,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Assessment of heavy metals pollution in Oreochromis niloticus in EL-Max Fish Farm, Egypt","volume":"8","author":"ABD-EL-KHALEK D.E.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Zoology)"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Bacteriological assessment of some commonly sold fishes in Lagos metropolis market Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"ABISOYE B.F.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prime Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"183","article-title":"The occurrence of Streptococcosis in the cultured rainbow trout of Fars province","volume":"2","author":"AKHLAGHI M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","first-page":"185","article-title":"Quantifying stability and change in ethnic group","volume":"23","author":"AKINWALE B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Official Statistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2006.09.009","article-title":"Pseudomonas putida infection in rainbow trout","volume":"261","author":"ALTINOK I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Bacterial fish pathogens: diseases of farmed and wild fish.","author":"AUSTIN B.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-20","article-title":"Taxonomy of bacterial fish pathogens","volume":"42","author":"AUSTIN B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Research (Faisalabad)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1086\/428642","article-title":"Low temperature opacities","volume":"623","author":"BARMAN T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Astrophysical Journal"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"91","article-title":"Causative factors of fish mortality in still water fish ponds under sub-tropical conditions","volume":"1","author":"BHATNAGAR A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.5251\/abjna.2010.1.5.961.968","article-title":"Culture fisheries in village ponds: a multi-location study in Haryana, India","volume":"1","author":"BHATNAGAR A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1051\/alr:1996050","article-title":"Viral, bacterial and fungal diseases of Siluroidei, cultured for human consumption","volume":"9","author":"BOON J.H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aquatic Living Resources"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Pond water quality management.","author":"BOYD C.E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"District laboratory practice in tropical countries (Part II)","author":"CHEESBROUGH M.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2009.1209.1211","article-title":"Distribution of heavy metals in bones, gills, livers and muscles of (Tilapia). 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