{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:38:26Z","timestamp":1784291906324,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Malakand region is an endemic area for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, there are limited number of studies of this disease in Pakistan. Therefore, a study was conducted to understand the level of awareness attitude and practice among the residents of Makaland towards CL and the disease vectors. This study adopted a cross-sectional approach with a total of 400 respondents (n=93 rural and n= 307 urban). Overall, the population in Malakand region (61.2%) were well-informed in the role of sand fly in transmitting diseases, but most lack knowledge on the vector\u2019s behavior and almost a quarter (24.5%) were unable to provide knowledge on proper control measures. Alarmingly, the practice and attitudes of the general population was not satisfactory as close to half (49.8%) of the population did adopt any control method. This study calls for increase in awareness through health education campaign to reduce the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis outbreaks in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.238665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T11:35:55Z","timestamp":1617017755000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cutaneous leishmaniasis\u2013Awareness, knowledge and practices among general population in rural and urban areas in Malakand region, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malakand,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swat Medical College, Medical College,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Peshawar,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. N. M.","family":"Zain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malaya,  Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4877-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. A.","family":"Panhwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4121-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A.","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hazara University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7466-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hazara University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. B.","family":"Siyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sindh University Jamshoro,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Swabi,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5069-0228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Swat,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Rafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malakand,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8118-3678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Haripur,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-0602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Haripur,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0685-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Haripur,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices about leishmaniasis among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic","volume":"18","author":"ABAZID 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patients in Kabul, Afghanistan: cost-effectiveness of an operational program in a complex emergency setting","volume":"7","author":"REITHINGER R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","first-page":"170","article-title":"A new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Himachal Pradesh (India)","volume":"69","author":"SHARMA R.C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.505","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to Kala-azar In a rural area of Bihar state, India","volume":"75","author":"SINGH S.P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The American Journal of Ttropical medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2190\/IQ.29.2.c","article-title":"Community views on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Istalif, Afghanistan: implications for treatment and prevention","volume":"29","author":"STEWART C.C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Quarterly of Community Health Education"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of 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