{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:40:11Z","timestamp":1790286011323,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Intestinal parasitism is the main cause of disease all over the world and described as a significant community health problem. The current study intended to find out the occurrence and identification of hazard factors linked with IPIs among 4-12 years aged shool-age children residing in Lower Dir district, Pakistan during 2019 - 2020. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted using a pre-arranged pre-tested survey. Anthropometric data and stool collection were done to obtain the findings. The direct wet mount preparation in saline\/iodine\/methods was used for stool examination. Data were investigated using the GraphPad Prism 5. A total of 400 children studied (mean age of 8.6\u00b13.6 years) the total incidence rate for the intestinal parasitic disease was established to be 71.75%. Of the 400 children studied, the overall prevalence rate for intestinal parasitic infections was found to 71.75% Ascaris lumbricoides (33.1%), Trichuris trichiura (1.04%), E. vermicularis (1.39%), Hookworm (19.86%) were identified in children living in the study area. We concluded that there is a mass scale campaigns were required to generate alertness about health and sanitation in children and the need for the development of effective poverty control programs because deworming (killing of worm with drugs) alone is not adequate to control parasitic infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.244158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T20:23:07Z","timestamp":1671135787000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence of intestinal nematodes infection in school children of urban areas of district Lower Dir, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4917-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. Ur.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Khatoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Karachi,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Karachi,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sardar Bahadur Khan women University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malakand,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malakand,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rafiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sargodha,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. Ul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hazara University Mansehra,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hazara University Mansehra,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Degree College,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Urdu University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. ul","family":"Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Garedaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","first-page":"659","article-title":"Frequency and determinants of intestinal parasitic infections in patients attending tertiary care hospitals","volume":"12","author":"ANWAR M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","first-page":"319","article-title":"The prevalence of human intestinal protozoal and helminthic infection in Karachi","volume":"16","author":"ARSHAD S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62007-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"62","author":"BROOKER S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Advances in Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","first-page":"713","article-title":"Worm infestation among children of rural area of central Punjab","volume":"7","author":"DAR U.F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"PJMHS"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","first-page":"31","article-title":"Frequency of gastrointestinal parasites among children in clinical practices Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"ILYAS M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"KJMS"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.1055","article-title":"Albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of ancylostomiasis in school children between the ages of 6-15 in Swat, Pakistan","volume":"71","author":"IQBAL M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"9","article-title":"Prevalence of worm infestation and malnutrition in school going children and risk factors responsible for worm infestation","volume":"15","author":"KHAN M.M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","first-page":"565","article-title":"Diversity of intestinal parasites in male and female students and workers of Education Department of Swat, Pakistan","volume":"47","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Food handlers: an important reservoir of protozoans and helminth parasites of public health importance","volume":"82","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9597.1000262","article-title":"Intestinal obstruction by Ascaris lumbricoides in a 12 year old boy: a case report in Pakistan","volume":"7","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","first-page":"814","article-title":"Have we forgotten the threat posed by fascioliasis? A potential threat to public health","volume":"49","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","first-page":"799","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections in school children of three districts of Malakand region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"32","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","first-page":"359","article-title":"Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Drug Addicts in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"14","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Soil transmitted helminthiasis in different occupational groups in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"30","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical 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Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"82","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.12.055","article-title":"Risk factors associated with intestinal pathogenic parasites in schoolchildren","volume":"29","author":"KHAN W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","first-page":"770","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"34","author":"KOSAR S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tropical Biomedicine"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S153","DOI":"10.1080\/0960312031000102912","article-title":"De-worming school children and hygiene intervention","volume":"13","author":"LUONG T.V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Health 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distrito de Lower Dir, Paquist\u00e3o"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842022000100725&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1671135856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842022000100725&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842022000100725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.244158","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"article-number":"e244158"}}