{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T07:48:37Z","timestamp":1781250517651,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Origanum vulgare has been of great interest in academia and pharma industry due to its antioxidant, antifungal and antitumor properties. The present study aimed to find the anti-MRSA potential and in vivo toxicity assessments of O. vulgare. O. vulgare extract was used to monitor anti-MRSA activity in mice. Following MRSA established infection in mice (Mus musculus), treatment with O. vulgare was continued for 7 days. Autopsies were performed and re-isolation, gross lesion scoring and bacterial load in various organs were measured. Additionally, blood sample was analysed for hematological assays. Toxicity assessment of O. vulgare potential as medicine was done at 200 mg\/kg and 400 mg\/kg by evaluating liver and kidney functions. Bacterial load and gross lesion in lungs and heart were significantly low compared to positive control following O. vulgare treatment. Likewise, O. vulgare treated groups had hematological, neutrophil and TLC values similar to control groups. Increased AST, ALP and total bilirubin alongwith marked hepatocellular degeneration and distortion around the central vein, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatic cells was observed at higher dose. It is concluded that crude extract of O. vulgare may contain beneficial secondary metabolites and in future may be explored for curing infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.244551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T12:10:37Z","timestamp":1628251837000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antimicrobial and toxicological evaluation of Origanum vulgare: an in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Liaqat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GC University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5899-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mahreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0387-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Education,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Antinociceptive effect of aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare l. in male rats: possible involvement of the GABAergic system. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research.","volume":"12","author":"AFARINESHE KHAKI M.R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"IJPR"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1681392","article-title":"The influence of different oregano species on the antioxidant activity determined using HPLC postcolumn DPPH method and anticancer activity of carvacrol and rosmarinic acid","volume":"2017","author":"BARANAUSKAITE J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":", 3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.09.024","article-title":"Lamiaceae often used in Portuguese folk medicine as a source of powerful antioxidants: vitamins and phenolics","volume":"43","author":"BARROS L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4484","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00340-07","article-title":"Carvacrol induces heat shock protein 60 and inhibits synthesis of flagellin in Escherichia coli O157: H7","volume":"73","author":"BURT S.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105362","article-title":"Coptidis rhizome and Si Jun Zi Tang can prevent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice","volume":"9","author":"CHANG C.H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Essentials of clinical immunology","author":"CHAPEL H.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","first-page":"609","article-title":"Antibacterial effects of oregano (Origanum vulgare) against gram negative bacilli","volume":"39","author":"CHAUDHRY N.M.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Botany"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1404505","article-title":"Antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic Origanum vulgare extract and its major constituents","volume":"2016","author":"COCCIMIGLIO J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3529149","article-title":"Is liver enzyme release really associated with cell necrosis induced by oxidant stress?","volume":"2016","author":"CONTRERAS-ZENTELLA M.L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","first-page":"25","article-title":"Essential oils\u2019 chemical characterization and investigation of some biological activities: A critical review","volume":"3","author":"DHIFI W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2010.04.005","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of water extracts and essential oils of various aromatic plants against Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American Foulbrood","volume":"104","author":"GONZ\u00c1LEZ M.J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/plants2030371","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxic activity of Origanum vulgare L. on HCT-116 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines","volume":"2","author":"GRBOVI\u0106 F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2001.01428.x","article-title":"A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol","volume":"91","author":"LAMBERT R.J.W.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8503426","article-title":"Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and toxicological evaluation of traditional herbs used to treat sore throat","volume":"2016","author":"MEHREEN A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0089","article-title":"Extract of oregano, coffee, thyme, clove, and walnuts inhibits NF-\u03baB in monocytes and in transgenic reporter mice","volume":"3","author":"PAUR I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.)"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2009.01287.x","article-title":"Evaluation of combined antibacterial effects of eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and carvacrol against E. coli with an improved method","volume":"74","author":"PEI R.S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Investigating antinociceptive potential of origanum vulgare l. extract using animal models of pain","volume":"28","author":"RUKH R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science International"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effect of the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on the kidney in experimental PCOS female rats","volume":"4","author":"SADREFOZALAYI S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.879908","article-title":"An ethanol extract of Origanum vulgare attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced pulmonary injury and oxidative lung damage in mice","volume":"52","author":"SHOKRZADEH M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11060332","article-title":"The role of streptococcal and staphylococcal exotoxins and proteases in human necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"11","author":"SHUMBA P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.14302\/issn.2379-7835.ijn-19-2703","article-title":"Oregano (Origanum vulgare) extract for food preservation and improvement in gastrointestinal health","volume":"3","author":"VEENSTRA J.P.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514004048","article-title":"Methanolic extract of Origanum vulgare ameliorates type 1 diabetes through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity","volume":"113","author":"VUJICIC M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The British journal of Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T12:10:53Z","timestamp":1628251853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842023000100146&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842023000100146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.244551","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e244551"}}