{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:34:38Z","timestamp":1793835278422,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The present research was planned to assess the occurrence of intestinal parasites in small ruminants of Upper Dir of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the faecal material was collected randomly with gloved fingers directly from the rectum region of sheep and goats and the faecal materials were then put in hygienic plastic bottles with 10% formalin. The overall 315 (n=184 sheep and n= 131 goats) faecal samples were collected out of 315 samples, 281 were found positive for different parasites. Patterns-wise prevalence of GI parasites of the study area was found. Overall Single parasitism 89.20% (281\/315) with 94.0% (173\/184) in sheep and 82.43% (108\/131) in goats. Double parasitic infection in small ruminant recorded in which Fasciola+ Haemonchus. contortus in sheep were found their prevalence was 25.54% (47\/184). While in goats, the double parasitic infection in which Haemonchus contortus+Trichuris spp were found and their prevalence were 23.43% (30\/131). The species found in the sample of sheep were includes, i.e., Strongyloides papillosus (41.30%), Heamonchus controtus (21.73%), Trichuris ovis (17.39%), and Fasciola hepatica (13.58%), the corresponding value for goat were Strongyloides spp 33.33% (36\/108), Haemonchus spp 28.70%, (27\/108), Trichuris spp 25.20% (27\/184) and Fasciola spp 10.68% (14\/184). The sheep of the study area are more infected as compared to goats. This study suggested that gastrointestinal parasites are major health problems of small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, a comprehensive study on species of gastrointestinal parasites circulating in the area, control options, cost-effective strategies and awareness about gastrointestinal parasites among the farmers in the study area should be instituted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.248978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T16:03:02Z","timestamp":1633968182000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in small ruminants of District Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Ruhoollah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual University of Pakistan,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malakand,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9342-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O. A.","family":"Al-Jabr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5036-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virtual University of Pakistan,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6661-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abdul Wali Khan University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-408X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. R.","family":"El-Ghareeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia; Zagazig University,  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Aguilar-Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias,  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8673-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. O. S.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. R.","family":"Alhimaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A.","family":"Swelum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University,  Saudi Arabia; Zagazig University,  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goats in and around Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan","volume":"1","author":"ASIF M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in and around Gondar town, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"AWRARIS T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Parasitologica Globalis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"62","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of helminths of goats in southern Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"30","author":"AYAZ 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