{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T19:15:34Z","timestamp":1767986134715,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a recently defined vaginal recurring infection, which is treated with antibiotics. However, excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics disrupts healthy vaginal microflora and leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens. This situation has directed researchers to explore alternative antimicrobials. The current study describes in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial efficacy and pharmaceutical interactions between plant essential oils (EOs) and five lactic acid bacteria (LABs), isolated from the healthy vagina, against E. faecalis, one of the major etiological agents of AV. In vitro experiments confirm good antimicrobial activity of both plant EOs and cell free supernatant (CFS) from LABs. Based on high antimicrobial efficacy, Moringa essential oil (MO) was selected to determine its nature of interaction with CFS of five LAB strains. Synergism was recorded between MO and CFS of L. reuteri (MT180537). To validate in vitro findings, prophylactic responses of individual and synergistic application of MO and L. reuteri (MT180537) were evaluated in an E. faecalis (MW051601) induced AV murine model. The prophylactic efficacy was evidenced by a reduction in intensity of clinical symptoms, E. faecalis (MW051601) count per vaginal tissue along with a reduction in AV associated changes in histological markers of infection in animals receiving Moringa essential oil and L. reuteri (MT180537) alone or in combination. However, significant synergism between Moringa essential oil and L. reuteri (MT180537) could not be observed. Our data confirms the importance of in vivo experiments in deducing pharmacological interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.254513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T12:12:18Z","timestamp":1645186338000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vivo studies could not confirm in vitro prophylactic synergism between Moringa essential oil and Lactobacillus reuteri (MT180537)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Shazadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-6757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab,  Pakistan; The University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9182-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. S.","family":"Ambreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1868-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5899-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mehreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118472","article-title":"Efficacy of ketoconazole gel-flakes in treatment of vaginal candidiasis: formulation, in vitro and clinical evaluation","volume":"567","author":"ABD ELLAH N.H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.8(4)2015.16592","article-title":"Evaluation of synergistic interactions between cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus strains and amikacin and genetamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","volume":"8","author":"AMINNEZHAD S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17043989","article-title":"Essential oils in combination and their antimicrobial properties","volume":"17","author":"BASSOL\u00c9 I.H.N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/jof4030097","article-title":"Treatment of invasive candidiasis: a narrative review","volume":"4","author":"BEN-AMI R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Bergey\u2019s manual of determinative bacteriology.","author":"BERGEY D.H.","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1701200136","article-title":"Antimicrobial potential of Rosmarinus officinalis commercial essential oil in the treatment of vaginal infections in pregnant women","volume":"12","author":"BOGAVAC M.A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natural Product Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.41.2.143.147","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis","volume":"41","author":"CALDERON L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Mycology"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 27th informational supplement","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","first-page":"1715","article-title":"Evaluation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from high vagina","volume":"14","author":"DAOOD I.I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"EurAsian Journal of BioSciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.069401-0","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo effects of beneficial vaginal lactobacilli on pathogens responsible for urogenital tract infections","volume":"63","author":"DE GREGORIO P.R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x","article-title":"Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy","volume":"116","author":"DONDERS G.G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-0990-7","article-title":"Antibacterial and antibiotic-modifying activities of three food plants (Xanthosoma mafaffa Lam., Moringa oleifera (L.) 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