{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:16:59Z","timestamp":1768882619130,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Natural products have long been proven very effective against various challenging diseases including cancer and bacterial infections. Galium tricorne is one of the important source of natural products, which has not been explored till date in spite of its profound ethnomedicinal prominence. The current study has been designed to explore the biological potential of G. tricorne and to extract and isolate chemical constituents from its aerial part and seeds respectively along with identification of their chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening was performed to figure out the presence of secondary metabolite in G. tricorne. Crude Methanolic extract (Gt.Crd), which was obtained from the aerial part while the fatty acids were extracted from the seeds, which were later on analyzed by GCMS. Similarly, Well Diffusion and MTT method were used for antibacterial activity and cancer cell line assay respectively. To evaluate the cytotoxic potential, brine shrimps were used. Likewise, in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis a total number of 23 compounds were identified in Gt.Crd extract out of which 7 compounds were sorted out to have some sort of toxicity profile. In the same fashion, 5 fatty acids were identified in the seeds of G. tricorne. Moreover, among the fractions, chloroform fraction (Gt.Chf) exhibited greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) 20.37 mm followed by Gt.Crd 18.40 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogenes respectively. In cytotoxicity Gt.Chf was more active followed by ethyl acetate fraction (Gt.Eta) by exhibiting 88.32\u00b10.62% (LC50=60 \u00b5g\/mL) and 73.95\u00b12.25% (LC50=80 \u00b5g\/mL) respectively at 1000 \u00b5g\/mL concentration of the tested sample. Gt.Chf exhibited greater cell line inhibitory activity (IC50=61 \u00b5g\/mL) against HeLa cell line. Similarly, Gt.Crd displayed IC50 values of 167.84 \u00b5g\/mL and 175.46 \u00b5g\/mL against HeLa and NIH\/3T3 cell line respectively. Based on the literature review and screenings, it may be concluded that the aerial part and seeds of G. tricorne are the rich sources of bioactive compounds. The results of the current study also authenticate the scientific background for the ethnomedicinal uses of G. tricorne.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.256920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T12:26:28Z","timestamp":1650457588000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["GCMS characterization and biological potential of the seeds and aerial part of Galium tricorne Stokes"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-1214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9240-398X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0932-1922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. U.","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7126-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gomal University, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Malakand, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","author":"ADAMS R.P.","year":"2007"},{"issue":"S1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782.3","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.782.3","article-title":"Free radical scavenging activities of extracts and bioactive constituents from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica (Linn.)","volume":"33","author":"AJAYI G.O.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Active phytochemical detecting, antioxidant, cytotoxic, apoptotic activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Galium aparine L","volume":"15","author":"ASLANT\u00dcRK \u00d6.S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2011.02.002","article-title":"The effect of different extraction techniques on extraction yield, total phenolic, and anti-radical capacity of extracts from Pinus radiata Bark","volume":"34","author":"ASP\u00c9 E.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.3390\/i8111111","article-title":"Analysis of phenacylester derivatives of fatty acids from human skin surface sebum by reversed-phase HPLC: chromatographic mobility as a function of physico-chemical properties","volume":"8","author":"BODOPROST J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00985458","article-title":"Phylogeny and classification of the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae)","volume":"225","author":"BREMER B.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plant Systematics and Evolution"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(98)00233-5","article-title":"Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future","volume":"369","author":"CASTRO M.D.L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Analytica Chimica Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.008029","article-title":"The antiepileptic drug valproic acid and other medium-chain fatty acids acutely reduce phosphoinositide levels independently of inositol in Dictyostelium","volume":"5","author":"CHANG P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Disease Models & Mechanisms"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2018.08.037","article-title":"Dihydroactinidiolide, a natural product against A\u03b225-35 induced toxicity in Neuro2a cells: synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies","volume":"81","author":"DAS M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chemistry"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Phytochemical screening of Cordia glabrata (MART.) A. DC. extracts and its potential antioxidant, photoprotective, antimicrobial and antiviral activities","volume":"83","author":"DEBIASI B.W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2017.1366485","article-title":"Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of tannic acid against Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"32","author":"DONG G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natural Product Research"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea","author":"EDWARDS S.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2013.12804","article-title":"Effect of ethanol seed extract of Buccholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) on the lipid profile of albino rats","volume":"12","author":"ENECHI O.C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","first-page":"7","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of Galium species","volume":"16","author":"ERGUN F.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref15","first-page":"6945","article-title":"Biological activities of Rumex dentatus L: evaluation of methanol and hexane extracts","volume":"8","author":"FATIMA N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","first-page":"131","article-title":"Nephrolithiasis in children","volume":"25","author":"GILLESPIE R.S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(91)83425-K","article-title":"7. Bioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine","volume":"30","author":"HAMBURGER M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.10.022","article-title":"Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Uncaria (Rubiaceae)","volume":"66","author":"HEITZMAN M.E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.11.021","article-title":"Long-chain fatty acids increase cellular dopamine in an immortalized cell line (MN9D) derived from mouse mesencephalon","volume":"376","author":"HELLER A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"A dictionary of natural products. Terms in the field of pharmacognosy relating to natural medicinal and pharmaceutical materials and the plants, animals and minerals from which they are derived","author":"HOCKING G.M.","year":"1997"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(96)04572-7","article-title":"Comparisons of geniposidic acid and geniposide on antitumor and radioprotection after sublethal irradiation","volume":"113","author":"HSU H.-Y.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360802051255","article-title":"In vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Galium tricornutum subsp. longipedunculatum.","volume":"24","author":"JAN A.K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2011.149.169","article-title":"Sub-Saharan Rubiaceae: a review of their traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities","volume":"14","author":"KAROU S.D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2174\/1568011043352993","article-title":"Soy saponins and the anticancer effects of soybeans and soy-based foods","volume":"4","author":"KERWIN S.M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry. Anti-Cancer Agents"},{"issue":"48","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4039(01)81631-2","article-title":"Loliolides and dihydroactinidiolide in a recent marine sediment probably indicate a major transformation pathway of carotenoids","volume":"25","author":"KLOK J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.08.033","article-title":"Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxic effect of a hydroethanolic extract of the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)","volume":"110","author":"KONAN N.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1444","article-title":"Natural products as anti-HIV agents and role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): a brief overview","volume":"6","author":"KURAPATI K.R.V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.064","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of plants from Malaysia and Thailand used traditionally to treat cancer","volume":"100","author":"LEE C.C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","first-page":"23","article-title":"Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities of n-hexane and methylene chloride extracts of Senna italica","volume":"7","author":"MADKOUR H.M.F.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2012.682116","article-title":"Anticancer activities of the extract from Longkong (Lansium domesticum) young fruits","volume":"50","author":"MANOSROI A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/009286159803200223","article-title":"The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals","volume":"32","author":"MCLAUGHLIN J.L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Information Journal"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.11.003","article-title":"Acute and subacute toxicity of the aqueous extract of Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. ex DC. in rats","volume":"194","author":"MENEGATI S.E.L.T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60065-0","article-title":"Insecticidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of Allium sativum.","volume":"5","author":"MERIGA B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2020.114293","article-title":"GC-MS analysis of bioactive components in six different crude extracts from the soft coral (Sinularia maxim) collected from Ras Mohamed, Aqaba Gulf, Red Sea, Egypt","volume":"24","author":"METWALLY A.S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971236","article-title":"Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents","volume":"45","author":"MEYER B.N.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2002-3-405","article-title":"Iridoid patterns in Galium L. and some phylogenetic considerations","volume":"57","author":"MITOVA M.I.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(02)00095-X","article-title":"Antifeedant activity of an anthraquinone aldehyde in Galium aparine L. against Spodoptera litura F","volume":"60","author":"MORIMOTO M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","first-page":"77","article-title":"Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of the methanol extract of Paederia foetida Linn.(Rubiaceae)","volume":"2","author":"MORSHED H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"MOSMANN T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Immunological Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","first-page":"565","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities of Aerva javanica and Paeonia emodi plants","volume":"25","author":"MUFTI F.U.D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Rubiaceae","volume":"190","author":"NAZIMUDDIN S.","year":"1989"},{"issue":"5927","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/304648a0","article-title":"Fibroblast immortality is a prerequisite for transformation by EJ c-Ha-ras oncogene","volume":"304","author":"NEWBOLD R.F.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1021\/np068054v","article-title":"Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years","volume":"70","author":"NEWMAN D.J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Natural Products"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822006000400030","article-title":"Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of eight Asteraceae and two Rubiaceae plants from Colombian biodiversity","volume":"37","author":"NI\u00d1O J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","first-page":"35","article-title":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of phytocomponents in the root, stem bark and leaf of Vernonia amygdalina","volume":"6","author":"OLUFUNMILAYO L.A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46","first-page":"763","article-title":"Efic\u00e1cia hemost\u00e1tica in vitro de extratos aquosos, metan\u00f3licos e etan\u00f3licos de tr\u00eas esp\u00e9cies de plantas medicinais na Palestina","volume":"80","author":"OMAR G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-33062006000100020","article-title":"Rubiaceae juss. da Reserva Florestal Mata do Para\u00edso, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, Brasil","volume":"20","author":"PEREIRA Z.V.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Bras\u00edlica"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.177447","article-title":"Traditional knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the islands of the S\u00e3o Francisco river, Brazil and preliminary analysis of Rhaphiodon echinus (Lamiaceae)","volume":"79","author":"PIO I.D.S.L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-06-17-0906-RE","article-title":"Antifungal activity of saponins from the fruit pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi against Venturia inaequalis and Botrytis cinerea.","volume":"102","author":"PORSCHE F.M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Disease"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2013.07.004","article-title":"Avocado roots treated with salicylic acid produce phenol-2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl), a compound with antifungal activity","volume":"171","author":"RANGEL-S\u00c1NCHEZ G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200902915622","article-title":"Biological evaluation of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)","volume":"47","author":"REHMAN A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical Biology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5897\/JPP2017.0452","article-title":"Chemical constituents and biological activities of different solvent extracts of Prosopis farcta growing in Egypt","volume":"9","author":"SAAD A.M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy"},{"key":"ref53","series-title":"Drugs of natural origin: a textbook of pharmacognosy","author":"SAMUELSSON G.","year":"2004","edition":"5th"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Antimicrobial and insecticidal effects of essential oil and plant extracts of Myrcia oblongata DC in pathogenic bacteria and Alphitobius diaperinus","volume":"82","author":"SANTANA C.B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.2220","article-title":"Effect of Galium verum aqueous extract on growth, motility and gene expression in drug-sensitive and-resistant laryngeal carcinoma cell lines","volume":"44","author":"SCHMIDT M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref56","first-page":"87","article-title":"Qualitative phytochemical screening and GC-MS profiling of Azadirachta excelsa leaf extract","volume":"44","author":"SHAFIE N.I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaysian Applied Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref57","first-page":"191","article-title":"Study of medicinal plants among weeds of wheat and maize in Peshawar region","volume":"12","author":"SHAH S.R.U.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref58","first-page":"22","article-title":"Opinion-\"HeLa\" herself-It's high time we honored the memory of Henrietta Lacks, the woman who gave us immortal cells","volume":"20","author":"SHARRER T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scientist"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref59","first-page":"1251","article-title":"Determination of phytocomponents in methanolic extract of Annona muricata leaf using GC-MS technique","volume":"7","author":"SHIBULA K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref60","first-page":"326","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of three herbal extracts on aflatoxin B1-intoxicated rat liver","volume":"51","author":"SHYAMAL S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(00)85732-5","article-title":"Classification of the solvent properties of common liquids","volume":"92","author":"SNYDER L.R.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P128","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1264426","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of some Nigerian plants used in traditional cancer treatment","volume":"76","author":"SOWEMIMO A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Planta Medica"},{"key":"ref63","series-title":"Plantas medicinais: arte e ci\u00eancia \u2013 um guia de estudo interdisciplinar","author":"STASI L.C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref64","series-title":"The NIST Mass Spectral Search Program for the NIST\/EPA\/NIH Mass Spectra Library","author":"STEIN S.","year":"2002"},{"issue":"5864","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1126\/science.319.5864.709","article-title":"Lifting the veil on traditional Chinese medicine","volume":"319","author":"STONE R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25102333","article-title":"Identification of the volatile components of Galium verum L. and Cruciata leavipes opiz from the western Italian Alps","volume":"25","author":"TAVA A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref67","first-page":"97","article-title":"Determination Of total flavonoid in various Galium species by differential pulse polarography","volume":"13","author":"TEM\u0130ZER A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gazi Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi"},{"key":"ref68","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antioxidant activity and phytochemical prospection of Eugenia involucrata DC. leaf extracts","volume":"83","author":"TOLEDO A.G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(97)01167-7","article-title":"Exploration of nature\u2019s chemodiversity: the role of secondary metabolites as leads in drug development","volume":"3","author":"VERPOORTE R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842008000100020","article-title":"Assessment of the mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extract of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart. 1841) by micronucleus test in mice","volume":"68","author":"VILAR J.B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"key":"ref71","series-title":"Identification and control of common weeds","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Rubiaceae","volume":"3","author":"XU Z.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref72","first-page":"10","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of some medicinal plants","volume":"3","author":"YADAV R.N.S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Phytology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.10.005","article-title":"Anti-tumor metastatic activity of \u03b2-glucan purified from mutated Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","volume":"8","author":"YOON T.J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.14.1.996-1013","article-title":"Comparative phytochemical constituents of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) leaves, fruits, stem barks, and wood branches grown in Egypt using GC-MS method coupled with multivariate statistical approaches","volume":"14","author":"ZAYED M.Z.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioResources"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":["Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o GCMS e potencial biol\u00f3gico das sementes e parte a\u00e9rea de Galium tricorne Stokes"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842024000100273&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T19:03:56Z","timestamp":1675364636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100273&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842024000100273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.256920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e256920"}}