{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:47:58Z","timestamp":1787626078396,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Feathers make up 7% of the total weight of adult chickens and keratin protein makes up 85% of the feathers. Today, the keratinase enzymes of some Bacillus strains are used to degrade and process raw keratin waste for animal and poultry feed. According to various studies, the probiotic properties of some spore-shaped Bacillus have also been proven. The study aimed to isolation of the keratinolytic Bacillus bacteria that they have probiotic properties for using in the livestock and poultry feed industry. We were able to isolate 8 strains of Bacillus licheniformis with kreatin degrading properties from the soil of Baharan chicken slaughterhouse (Qom city, Iran) applying heat shock, alcohol- and keratin-rich culture medium, and after microscopic and biochemical analysis, 16S rDNA gene was isolated. The measurement results of keratinase activity showed that the three strains of Bacillus licheniformis pvkr6, pvkr 15, and pvkr41 had the highest activity with 124.08, 101.1, and 100.18 U\/ml. The results of probiotic properties evaluation also revealed that among all the isolates, only Bacillus licheniformis pvkr15 and Bacillus licheniformis PTCC 1595 (positive control) were \u03b3-hemolytic strains. The percentage of surface hydrophobicity of the strains was obtained from 3.27 to 30.57. It was also shown that, on average, all the strains had acceptable susceptibility to the tested antibiotics except penicillin G. Bacillus licheniformis pvkr15 with highest keratinase activity (101.1U\/ml) was considered an optional probiotics due to its abilities such as (biofilm formation, being safe cause of \u03b3-hemolytic activity, high susceptibility to antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, cefixime, amoxicillin, tetracycline, vancomycin, erythromycin and having a moderate hydrophilic (hydrophobicity: 19.09%), high survivability in pH 2, 2.5 and 3, strong resistance to bile salts and moderate antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacterium like Proteus mirabilis and the ability to grow under anaerobic conditions). By using this strain, after hydrolysis of keratin protein in the feather structure, to replace part of the protein of livestock and poultry feed, not only is no need to separate bacteria from the feed, but also the strain play role of an useful and effective additive in animal growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.257473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T21:15:59Z","timestamp":1652130959000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation and identification of keratinolytic probiotic Bucillus licheniformis bacteria from the soil below poultry slaughterhouse waste"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8155-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Vanaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3569-233X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Zaboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-0950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Kaboosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5993-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Izadi","family":"Amoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0142-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Savadkoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2016.66043","article-title":"Safety properties and probiotic potential of Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-1895","volume":"6","author":"ALGBURI A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Microbiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2003.351.353","article-title":"The effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) on overall performance of broiler chickens","volume":"2","author":"AL-SULTAN S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Poultry Science"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Methods in molecular biology","volume-title":"Protein structure, stability, and folding","volume":"168","author":"ANDERSEN N.H.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.2.968-978.2005","article-title":"Screening for Bacillus isolates in the broiler gastrointestinal tract","volume":"71","author":"BARBOSA T.M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.12.009","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of mesotrione-degrading Bacillus sp. from soil","volume":"157","author":"BATISSON I.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.10.3705-3710.1995","article-title":"Characterization of a keratinolytic serine proteinase from Streptomyces pactum DSM 40530","volume":"61","author":"B\u00d6CKLE B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B061620","article-title":"Keratinase production and keratin degradation by a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis","volume":"9","author":"CAI C.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Zhejiang University. 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collected across Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"ZULKHAIRI AMIN F.A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":["Isolamento e identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de bact\u00e9rias probi\u00f3ticas queratinol\u00edticas Bacillus licheniformis do solo sob res\u00edduos de abatedouro de aves"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842024000100295&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T21:16:57Z","timestamp":1652131017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100295&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842024000100295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.257473","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e257473"}}