{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T06:27:21Z","timestamp":1759991241288,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Scorpion venom contains a variety of neurotoxins which interact with ion channels and affect their activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of scorpion venom as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor by using Aedes aegypti as model organism. Venoms of two species, Hottentota tamulus (Fabricus, 1798) and Androctonus finitimus (Pocock, 1897) were selected for this study. Two peptides (36 kDa from H. tamulus and 54 kDa from A. finitimus) were separated from scorpion venom by using HPLC. Selected peptides caused significantly higher mortality in larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti than control (no mortalities were observed in control groups). Significant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential of both peptides was recorded by spectrophotometer. The peptide of A. finitimus caused significantly higher mortality (95\u00b11.53% in larvae and 100% in adults) than the peptide of H. tamulus (84.33\u00b12.33% in larvae and 95.37\u00b11.45% in adults). While H. tamulus peptide was more efficient in reducing AChE activity (0.029\u00b10.012 in larvae and 0.03\u00b10.003 in adults) than the peptide of A. finitimus (0.049\u00b10.005 in larvae and 0.047\u00b10.001 in adults). It was concluded that H. tamulus venom peptide was more efficiently reducing AChE activity, thus it could be a potential bio-insecticide which can be synthesized at industrial scale for the control of harmful insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.259506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T20:42:14Z","timestamp":1664829734000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of scorpion venom in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Riaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sargodha,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Zubair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sargodha,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Amjad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Z.","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Lahore,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sargodha,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2-3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.08.003","article-title":"Neurotoxic and cytotoxic effects of venom from different populations of the Egyptian Scorpio maurus palmatus.","volume":"55","author":"ABDEL-RAHMAN M.A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2006.12.004","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the venom from the scorpion Tityus stigmurus: biochemical and physiological comparison with other Tityus species","volume":"146","author":"BATISTA C.V.F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology: CBP"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0028-5","article-title":"Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva","volume":"21","author":"CORDEIRO F.A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"11","article-title":"Enzymatic analysis of venom from Cuban scorpion Rhopalurus junceus.","volume":"6","author":"D\u00cdAZ-GARC\u00cdA A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Venom Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"ELLMAN G.L.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2008.06.003","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a hyaluronidase from the venom of Chinese red scorpion Buthus martensi.","volume":"148","author":"FENG L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology: CBP"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"39","article-title":"Identification and Purification of two mammalian nourotoxins from Iranian Scorpion (Buthotus schach) venom","volume":"63","author":"GHANE M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Razi Institute"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2002.03726.x","article-title":"Autonomic effects of some scorpion venoms and toxins","volume":"29","author":"GWEE M.C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"The pharmakokineticc of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and Razi antivenom following intramuscular administration in rat","volume":"3","author":"JALALI A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Venom Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0019-6","article-title":"The unfulfilled promises of scorpion insectotoxins","volume":"21","author":"ORTIZ E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2007.12.012","article-title":"New analysis of the toxic compounds from the Androctonus mauretanicus mauretanicus scorpion venom","volume":"51","author":"OUKKACHE N.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","first-page":"50","article-title":"The determination of acute lethal dose-50 (LD50) levels of venom in mice, obtained by different methods from scorpions, Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier 1807)","volume":"28","author":"OZKAN O.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol Turcica"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992005000400008","article-title":"Mesobuthus eupeus scorpionism in Sanliurfa region of Turkey","volume":"11","author":"OZKAN O.","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992007000100005","article-title":"Effects of Androctonus crassicauda (Olivier, 1807) (scorpiones: buthidae) venom on rats: correlation among acetylcholinesterase activities and electrolytes levels","volume":"13","author":"OZKAN O.","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"9","article-title":"Enzymes and toxins in scorpions of Buthidae family Insulin-Glucose Administration reverses metabolic, cardiovascular, ECG Changes and pulmonary oedema in scorpion envenoming syndrome","volume":"3","author":"RADHA K.M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Bioscience and Medicine"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Effect of Hottentotta tamulus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) crude venom on Rhopalosiphum erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the laboratory","volume":"32","author":"RIAZ N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Punjab University Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pujz\/2019.34.2.207.211","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of venom of Hottentota tamulus (fabricius) and Androctonus finitimus (pocock) (scorpiones: buthidae) in Musca domestica","volume":"34","author":"RIAZ N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Punjab University Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.05.008","article-title":"Enzymatic analysis of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom using zymography and venom-specific antivenin","volume":"56","author":"SEYEDIAN R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"37","article-title":"Potential use of venom of Odontobuthus odonturus (Arachnida:Buthidae) as bio-pesticide against Rhopalosiphum erysimi (Homoptera: Aphididae)","volume":"47","author":"TAHIR H.M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.12.001","article-title":"SCORPION2: a database for structure-function analysis of scorpion toxins","volume":"47","author":"TAN P.T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00393-8","article-title":"Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenom","volume":"41","author":"THEAKSTON R.D.G.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2007.03.007","article-title":"Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationship of genes encoding heterodimeric phospholipases A2 from the venom of the scorpion Anuroctonus phaiodactylus","volume":"396","author":"VALDEZ-CRUZ N.A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"17","article-title":"Effects of black scorpion Androctonus crasicuda venom on striated muscle preparation in vitro","volume":"2","author":"VATANPOUR H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"13","article-title":"Partial characterization of venom from common buthid scorpions (Scorpion: Buthidae) of District Sargodha, Pakistan","volume":"63","author":"YAQOOB R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biologia (Pakistan)"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":["Potencial inibidor da acetilcolinesterase do veneno de escorpi\u00e3o em Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842024000100389&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T20:42:37Z","timestamp":1664829757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100389&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842024000100389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.259506","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1678-4375"},{"type":"print","value":"1519-6984"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e259506"}}