{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T18:52:04Z","timestamp":1793904724001,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), is a devastating invasive pest, that invaded Saudi Arabia's date palms in 1987. Evaluation of the infestations and the efficacy of both preventative and control treatments have been studied from 2015- 2020 in Qassim. The results indicated that the number of infested date palms varied according to the years and locations. The infested date palm trees percentage was relatively high in 2016 (2.24%) and 2017 (3.19%), then gradually decreased to reach its lowest in 2020 (0.73%) due to the management protocol applied by the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture. Furthermore, the infested palm trees' percentage varied among the eight study locations, reaching the highest percentage in location G (SA7) with a general average of 4.31%. While in the other locations, the general infested percentage average was very low when compared to location G (SA7) with 1.21 and 0.47% in locations A (SA1) and H (SA8), respectively. The effectiveness of control methods increased sharply from 52.141% in 2015 to 90.0% in 2020 with a general average of 72.73%. The quarantine and management protocols of R. ferruginous applied in Qassim decreased the number of palm infestations. Contrary, the intensive use of insecticide in the last two decades promoted genetic mutations within the Rhynchophorus, which led to the emergence of a new species R. bilineatus. This leads to increase pesticide pollution, and control costs and the insect becomes more resistant to pesticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.263707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T14:07:26Z","timestamp":1660658846000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Monitoring of infestation percentages of the invasive red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and management tactics: a six-year study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4164-2347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. F.","family":"Abdel-Baky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University,  Saudi Arabia; Mansoura University,  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Aldeghairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5278-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. I.","family":"Motawei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University,  Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University,  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1378-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. A. M.","family":"Al-Shuraym","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1321-3614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A. S.","family":"Al-Nujiban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3642-510X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. T. M.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Environment,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2702-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Rehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qassim University,  Saudi Arabia; Kafrelsheikh University,  Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","first-page":"77","article-title":"An integrated management approach for red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv. a key pest of date palm in the Middle East","volume":"3","author":"ABRAHAM V.A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Science"},{"key":"ref2","author":"ABDEL-BAKY N.F.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2021.944.952","article-title":"Bioassay of some indigenous entomopathogens for controlling Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Olivier in Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"ABDEL-BAKY N.F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.2015-10-897","article-title":"Review on the management of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier in date palm Phoenix dactylifera L","volume":"28","author":"AL-DOSARY N.M.N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2478\/jppr-2013-0061","article-title":"A quarantine protocol against red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleptera: Curculiondae) in date palm","volume":"53","author":"AL-SHAWAF A.M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Protection Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","first-page":"47","article-title":"Effect of irrigation on within-grove distribution of red palm weevil Rhynchophorous ferrugineus","volume":"8","author":"ALDRYHIM Y.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.26842\/binhm.7.2020.16.2.0203","article-title":"An Evaluation of Invasive Pest, Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleptera: Curculiondae) Population in Iraq","volume":"16","author":"ALDERAWII M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485314000121","article-title":"Study of the flying ability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using a computer-monitored flight mill","volume":"104","author":"\u00c1VALOS J.A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bulletin of Entomological Research"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus: current issues and challenges in Malaysia","volume":"74","author":"AZMI W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oil Palm Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.22268\/AJPP-037.2.089100","article-title":"Is policy paralysis on quarantine issues in the Near East and North Africa region leading to the buildup and spread of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus?","volume":"37","author":"BALIJEPALLI S.B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab Journal of Plant Protection"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","first-page":"127","article-title":"Pests of the palm (Palmae sp.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) determined in Turkey and evaluation of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae)","volume":"38","author":"BOZBUGA R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin OEPP. 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