{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:57:34Z","timestamp":1762300654075,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Despite of the global unity against COVID-19 pandemic, the threat of SARS-CoV-2 variants on the lives of human being is still not over. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has urged the need of rapid viral detection at earliest. To cope with gradually expanding scenario of SARS-CoV-2, accurate diagnosis is extremely crucial factor which should be noticed by international health organizations. Limited research followed by sporadic marketing of SARS-CoV-2 rapid pharmaceutical detection kits raises critical questions against quality assurance and quality control measures. Herein we aimed to interrogate effectivity and specificity analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceutical rapid detection kits (nasopharyngeal swab based) using conventional gold standard triple target real-time polymerase chain reaction (USFDA approved). A cross-sectional study was conducted over 1500 suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients. 100 real time-PCR confirmed patients were evaluated for pharmaceutical RDT kits based upon nasopharyngeal swab based kits. The SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab based rapid diagnostic kit (NSP RDTs) analysis showed 78% reactivity. Among real time PCR confirmed negative subjects, 49.3% represented false positivity. The positive predictive analysis revealed 67.82%, while negative predictive values were 64.40%. The NSP RDTs showed limited sensitivities and specificities as compared to gold standard real time PCR. Valid and authentic detection of SARS-CoV-2 is deemed necessary for accurate COVID-19 surveillance across the globe. Current study highlights the potential consequences of inadequate detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging novel mutants, compromising vaccine preventable diseases. Current study emphasizes need to wake higher authorities including strategic organizations for designing adequate measures to prevent future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.265550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T10:44:35Z","timestamp":1709549075000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analytical assessment of clinical sensitivity and specificities of pharmaceutical rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection nasopharyngeal swab testing kits in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9740-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan; Foundation University Islamabad Pakistan,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1599-651X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7126-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6147-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. R.","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z. Z.","family":"Piracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"nternational Center of Medical Sciences Research,  Pakistan; International Center of Medical Sciences Research,  United States of America; International Center of Medical Sciences Research,  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4116-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. R.","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104652","article-title":"Saliva specimens for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study","volume":"132","author":"ALTAWALAH H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Virology"},{"year":"2020","author":"DIAO B.","key":"ref2"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30193-4","article-title":"Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures","volume":"8","author":"HUI K.P.Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30315-5","article-title":"Point-of-care serological assays for delayed SARS-CoV-2 case identification among health-care workers in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study","volume":"8","author":"PALLETT S.J.C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.098","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples","volume":"99","author":"PORTE L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2011400","article-title":"Multiorgan and renal tropism of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"383","author":"PUELLES V.G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01505-3","article-title":"Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy","volume":"18","author":"SAEED U.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21674","article-title":"COVID-19 transmission through host cell directed network of GPCR","volume":"81","author":"SINGH Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Development Research"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection using rapid immunoassay","key":"ref9"},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019): situation report \u2014 51","key":"ref10"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":["Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o anal\u00edtica da sensibilidade e especificidades cl\u00ednicas de kits de teste de swab nasofar\u00edngeo para detec\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida de SARS-CoV-2 no Paquist\u00e3o"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842024000101101&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T10:44:41Z","timestamp":1709549081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000101101&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842024000101101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.265550","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1678-4375"},{"type":"print","value":"1519-6984"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e265550"}}