{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T13:52:09Z","timestamp":1782913929584,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Following the obesity epidemics, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown in prevalence and become a main cause of morbidity and death, intimately linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cirrhosis. The key factor in the evolution of NAFLD is thought to be oxidative stress. Because most patients cannot change their lifestyle or dietary habits, a pharmaceutical strategy is now required to treat NAFLD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, is treated with vitamin E. (NASH). Vitamin E is also a powerful antioxidant that has been demonstrated to lower oxidative stress in people with NAFLD. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol with a variety of pharmacological effects, however its anti-fatty liver properties have yet to be investigated. Despite the fact that oxidative stress is thought to have a role in the etiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, antioxidant therapies have not been well studied in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The goal was to learn more about vitamin E and thymol's biological activities, with a particular emphasis on their therapeutic effectiveness in NAFLD. Four groups of thirty-two adult male rats were formed (healthy control, thymol, Vit E, and fatty liver). For 28 days, rats were given either oral vitamin E (200 mg\/kg) or thymol (50 mg\/kg) randomly. The levels of ALT, AST, TNF- \u03b1, Ferritin, CK-MB enzymes, and MAPK gene expression were then determined in the serum. Based on a random effect model analysis, at the end of 28 days of therapy, ALT (41.43 U\/L), AST (47.91 U\/L), Ferritin (1.13 pg\/dl), CK-MB (251.22 IU\/L), TNF-\u03b1 (95.39 pg\/mL) (p\u22640.001), and MAPK gene expression levels (p\u22640.05) significantly reduced in both experimental groups compared with the fatty liver group. Vitamin E and thymol therapy is a safe, affordable, and effective therapeutic option in the fatty liver group. Patients with fatty liver disease should be encouraged to take vitamin E and Thymol supplements, which are both safe and affordable, because more effective new therapeutic options are lacking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.268781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T19:32:27Z","timestamp":1673292747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative effects of thymol and vitamin E on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in male Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Lahmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1930-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Oryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran; Kharazmi University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6673-5347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Eidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7616-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. H.","family":"Rohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic Azad University,  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/728065","article-title":"Essential oils composition and antioxidant properties of three thymus species","volume":"2012","author":"AMIRI H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.08.007","article-title":"In vivo radioprotective potential of thymol, a monoterpene phenol derivative of cymene","volume":"726","author":"ARCHANA P.R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutation Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of 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rats during aflatoxicosis","volume":"6","author":"HAMZAWY M.A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.11.004","article-title":"Protective effect of antrosterol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice","volume":"132","author":"HUANG G.J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","first-page":"89","article-title":"Reduction of NADH oxidase, NO synthase, TNF\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2 mRNA expression levels on lipopolysacharide-stimulated murine macrophages by Zataria multiflora","volume":"2","author":"KARIMIAN P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Research Communications"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxx031","article-title":"Hyperferritinemia and 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(Shirazi thyme): an ancient condiment with modern pharmaceutical uses","volume":"145","author":"SAJED H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.05.034","article-title":"Role of thymol on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"761","author":"SARAVANAN S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.110377","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from five selected herbs","volume":"75","author":"TSAI M.L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2411-6","article-title":"TNF-Receptor-1 inhibition reduces liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in NAFLD mice","volume":"11","author":"WANDRER F.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death & Disease"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Biology"],"original-title":["Efeitos comparativos de timol e de vitamina E em doen\u00e7a hep\u00e1tica gordurosa n\u00e3o alco\u00f3lica em ratos Wistar machos"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842024000100413&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T12:48:57Z","timestamp":1715690937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842024000100413&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842024000100413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.268781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"article-number":"e268781"}}