{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:14:44Z","timestamp":1756311284330,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Termites are among the insects that consume lichens and may be potential dispersers of these symbionts. This study evaluated the vitality of photobionts and mycobionts after passing through the digestive tract of Constrictotermes cyphergaster. The percentage of live and dead algae was verified throughout the alimentary canal of 450 workers, originating from five sampled colonies in the Caatinga Dry Forest, NE, Brazil. A progressive growth in algae mortality was observed in the crop, paunch and rectum, however more than 40% of the algae found in faeces presented signs of vitality. Photobiont morphology was different between cells extracted from thallus in natura and algae present in termite faeces. The photobiont cells presented more shrunken cytoplasms after passing through the alimentary canal of C. cyphergaster. There was also an increase between the cell wall space and the cytoplasm membrane of algae found in the termite faecal pellets. Only four broken spores were found in the intestine, which made the vitality analysis unfeasible for these cells. The record of photobiont vitality in termite faecal pellets is indicative of endozoochoric dispersal, suggesting that this relationship between insects and lichens extends beyond a trophic interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.272278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T12:50:30Z","timestamp":1690203030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vitality of mycobionts and photobionts after passing through the digestive tract of Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Isoptera) workers"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-5664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. M.","family":"Barbosa-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual da Para\u00edba,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7211-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Vasconcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9142-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. L. L.","family":"Buril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"year":"1993","series-title":"The lichen symbiosis","author":"AHMADJIAN V.","key":"ref1"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1017\/S0024282992000574","article-title":"The influence of pH and lichen metabolites (vulpinic acid and (+) usnic acid) on the growth of the lichen photobiont Trebouxia Irregularis.","volume":"30","author":"BA\u010cKOR M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lichenologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10010023","article-title":"Consumption rate of lichens by Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Isoptera): effects of C, N, and P contents and ratios","volume":"10","author":"BARBOSA-SILVA A.M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Insects"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Intera\u00e7\u00e3o cupim - l\u00edquen em ecossistema semi\u00e1rido do Nordeste brasileiro","author":"BARBOSA-SILVA A.M.","key":"ref4"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.13102\/sociobiology.v66i1.3665","article-title":"Richness of lichens consumed by Constrictotermes cyphergaster in semi-arid region of Brazil","volume":"66","author":"BARBOSA-SILVA A.M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Insect-fungus symbiosis: nutrition, mutualism, and commensalism","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Termite-fungus mututalism","author":"BATRA L.R.","year":"1979"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245699","article-title":"On the elevated intestinal pH of higher termites (Isoptera: termitidae)","volume":"42","author":"BIGNELL D.E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Insectes Sociaux"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018770","article-title":"Lichen endozoochory by snails","volume":"6","author":"BOCH S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.7.2681-2687.1995","article-title":"The termite gut microflora as an oxygen sink: microelectrode determination of oxygen and pH gradients in guts of lower and higher termites","volume":"61","author":"BRUNE A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10874-004-1225-8","article-title":"Applicability of in situ or transplanted lichens for assessment of atmospheric pollution in Patagonia, Argentina","volume":"49","author":"CALVELO S.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Atmospheric 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microepiphytes","volume":"35","author":"MARTIUS C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sociobiology"},{"year":"1977","series-title":"Studies on termites from the Mato Grosso State, Brazil","author":"MATHEWS A.G.A.","key":"ref19"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1017\/S002428297800016X","article-title":"Dispersal of lichen propagules by slugs","volume":"10","author":"MCCARTHY P.M.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lichenologist"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s000400050047","article-title":"Diet and nest material of the processional termite Hospitalitermes, and cohabitation of Termes (Isoptera, Termitidae) on Borneo Island","volume":"44","author":"MIURA T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Insectes Sociaux"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s000400050065","article-title":"Foraging organization of the open-air processional 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(Isoptera)"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842023000100819&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T12:50:50Z","timestamp":1690203050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842023000100819&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842023000100819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.272278","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1678-4375"},{"type":"print","value":"1519-6984"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e272278"}}