{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:35:09Z","timestamp":1767972909845,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The increasing global importance of pink peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia, Anacardiaceae) as a high-value commercial crop and its potential for expansion in production demand appropriate management due to uncertainties regarding its sexual system. This study focused on evaluating the morphology of sterile and fertile floral whorls, as well as analyzing the sexual system of pink pepper in two populations in northeastern Brazil. The results revealed no significant differences in the morphological characteristics of the flowers between the studied areas, suggesting that the species possesses notable adaptability to environmental conditions. However, a significant difference in the proportion of staminate individuals was observed in both areas, representing over 88% and 72%, respectively. A correlation was observed between the size of the stamens and the presence of apparently atrophied pistils (r=0.275; df=178; p&lt;0.001), along with the occurrence of fruits in these hermaphroditic plants. In this context, the species should be considered gynodioecious due to the presence of plants with hermaphroditic flowers and plants with pistillate flowers. However, further research is essential to elucidate the role of pollinators, especially bees and wasps, and to better understand the fruiting process in hermaphroditic flowers. These insights have the potential to significantly enhance management aiming for efficient fruit production, promoting its economic and ecological relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.278836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T10:51:09Z","timestamp":1718016669000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Floral Morphometry and Sexual System Determination in Pink Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia - Anacardiaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5087-277X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. C. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7814-0319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. R. N.","family":"Carvalho Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7213-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5520-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.A.D.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1376-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. N.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual da Para\u00edba,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9547-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3516","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14736","article-title":"Global agricultural productivity is threatened by increasing pollinator dependence without a parallel increase in crop diversification","volume":"25","author":"AIZEN M.A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1093\/evolut\/qpad069","article-title":"Sex-specific selection patterns in a dioecious insect-pollinated plant","volume":"77","author":"BARBOT E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers308","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in flowering plants","volume":"64","author":"BARRETT S.C.H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg776","article-title":"The evolution of plant sexual diversity","volume":"3","author":"BARRETT S.C.H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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specialized pollination system and low reproductive efficacy in Central Brazil","volume":"73","author":"FERREIRA I.N.M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rodrigu\u00e9sia"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","author":"FRANCISCO P.R.M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"1465","article-title":"About extent of gynodioecy in Angiosperms","volume":"98","author":"GODIN V.N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Botaniceskij Zurnal"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1704","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the dioecious willow Salix purpurea","volume":"108","author":"GOUKER F.E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.92.6.907","article-title":"A comparison of sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes \u2013 more monoecy but why?","volume":"92","author":"GROSS 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more influential than orchard layout on the fruit set of a dioecious crop","volume":"472","author":"LI J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.31413\/nativa.v8i5.10186","article-title":"Influence of native vegetation on pequi\u00e1 fruit (Caryocar villosum [Aubl.] Pers) production and traits","volume":"8","author":"LOPES B.M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nativa (Sinop)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","first-page":"39","article-title":"Flowering acceleration in native Brazilian tree species for genetic conservation and breeding","volume":"63","author":"MENDES G.G.C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Forest Research"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"The diversity and dynamics of sex determination in dioecious plants","volume":"11","author":"MONTALV\u00c3O A.P.L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant 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grapevine \u2018Isabel\u2019 (Vitis labrusca, Vitaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil","volume":"76","author":"NUNES N.A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2307\/25065855","article-title":"Multiple meanings and modes: on the many ways to be a generalist flower","volume":"56","author":"OLLERTON J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"I.C. Biologia da Poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Sistemas reprodutivos.","author":"OLIVEIRA P.E.","year":"2014"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2010.01.007","article-title":"Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers","volume":"25","author":"POTTS S.G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1400196","article-title":"The relative and absolute frequencies of angiosperm sexual systems: dioecy, monoecy, gynodioecy, and an up-dated online database","volume":"101","author":"RENNER S.S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Botany"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.5902\/1980509834747","article-title":"Esp\u00e9cies aliment\u00edcias e medicinais nativas: produtos florestais n\u00e3o madeireiros e potencial de explora\u00e7\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel","volume":"32","author":"RONCHI H.S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Florestal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","first-page":"154","article-title":"Disappearance of pollinating bees in natural and agricultural systems: is there an explanation?","volume":"18","author":"ROSA J.M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista de Ci\u00eancias Agroveterin\u00e1rias, Lages"},{"key":"ref48","series-title":"Pollination of cultivated plants: a compendium for practitioners.","author":"ROUBIK D.W.","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"Flora e Funga do Brasil","volume-title":"Anacardiaceae","author":"SILVA-LUZ C.L.","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref50","first-page":"956","article-title":"Entomofauna associated to the floration of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil","volume":"26","author":"SOMAVILLA A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioscience Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","first-page":"1028","article-title":"POLLEN PERFORMANCE AND SEX-RATIO EVOLUTION IN A DIOECIOUS PLANT","volume":"53","author":"TAYLOR D.R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution"},{"key":"ref52","series-title":"Biologia da poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o.","first-page":"45","volume-title":"A flor: aspectos morfofuncionais e evolutivos.","author":"TEIXEIRA S.P.","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref53","series-title":"jamovi. 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