{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T05:10:10Z","timestamp":1754111410611,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract The hematophagous bats are usually the main reservoir of sylvatic rabies, being one of the most important viral zoonoses affecting humans and livestock in Latin America. Despite the most countries have already studied spatio-temporal distribution of bovine rabies, however, in Ecuador, little has been reported about the state of rabies in the country. Aiming to this objective, a descriptive observational study was realized from 2007 to 2020 based on the formal reports by WAHI-OIE and surveillance of bovine rabies retrieved from its official website. During the study period in Ecuador, some 895 cases of rabies were confirmed in cattle. In addition, in the total of bovine rabies cases seen in Andean and Coast regions (185 effected bovines), Loja and Esmeraldas had 95 (6.16% cases per 10,000 animals) and 51 (1.7% cases per 10,000 animals), respectively. Furthermore, the Amazon region indicated higher rabies cases in cattle than to the observed in other regions (710 rabies cases) while it was highly fluctuating with respect to the years (9.74 to 42.82% cases per 10,000 animals). However, Zamora (292 rabies cases), Orellana (115 rabies cases) and Sucumb\u00edos (113 rabies cases) yielded the highest incidence rates than other provinces (9 to 42% cases per 10,000 animals). Based on this evidence, it has been fundamental to assess the current national program for preventing and control of the sylvatic rabies, being also necessary to include concept of the ecology of the vampire bat. Regardless of these results, vaccination is vital for control programs to prevent rabies in livestock and need to be widely increased for limiting their geographic and temporal spread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.279112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T10:30:54Z","timestamp":1711103454000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bovine rabies cases in Ecuador: a retrospective cross-sectional observational study (2007 to 2020)"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3253-2103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. F.","family":"Maldonado-Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica de Chimborazo,  Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8699-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A.","family":"Guam\u00e1n-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica de Chimborazo,  Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8202-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. M.","family":"Mira-Naranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica de Chimborazo,  Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1083-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. R.","family":"Ortiz-Naveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Estatal Amaz\u00f3nica,  Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"year":"2022","series-title":"Agencia de regulaci\u00f3n y control fito y zoosanitario.","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.05.012","article-title":"Characterization of the epidemiology of bat-borne rabies in Chile between 2003 and 2013","volume":"143","author":"ALEGRIA-MORAN A.R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-6307","article-title":"Livestock rabies in Par\u00e1 state, Brazil: a descriptive study (2004 to 2013)","volume":"40","author":"ANDRADE E.A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pesquisa Veterin\u00e1ria Brasileira"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157332","article-title":"Geographical analysis for detecting high-risk areas for bovine\/human rabies transmitted by the common hematophagous bat in the Amazon region, Brazil","volume":"11","author":"ANDRADE F.A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2019.805","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of rabies in cattle in central Mexico","volume":"14","author":"B\u00c1RCENAS-REYES I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geospatial Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","first-page":"55","article-title":"Epidemiology and public health significance of rabies","volume":"5","author":"BARECHA C.B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives in Clinical Research"},{"issue":"1832","key":"ref7","article-title":"Spatial expansions and travelling waves of rabies in vampire bats","volume":"283","author":"BENAVIDES J.A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings. 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Geoffroy, 1810) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) shelters in the Municipality of S\u00e3o Pedro - SP","volume":"73","author":"MIALHE P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"M\u00f3dulo de Princ\u00edpios de Epidemiologia para o Controle de Enfermidades (MOPECE).","key":"ref37"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2247","article-title":"Risk factors associated with attacks of hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus) on cattle in Ecuador","volume":"19","author":"ORLANDO S.A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"ref39","article-title":"Descriptive cross-sectional study on major bovine diseases and associated risk factors in north-eastern Ecuadorian Amazon","volume":"83","author":"ORTIZ-NAVEDA N.R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n3p113","article-title":"Rabies epidemiology and control in Ecuador","volume":"8","author":"ORTIZ-PRADO E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Global Journal of Health Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12428","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of wild rabies in Brazil (2002-2012)","volume":"64","author":"ROCHA S.M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00287-6","article-title":"Rabies re-examined","volume":"2","author":"RUPPRECHT C.E.","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Lancet. 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