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Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract HMGB1 is nuclear non-histone protein and unique member of cytokines. In viral hepatitis infection HMGB1 serum level increases and translocates towards cytoplasm and extracellular spaces where it activates single stimulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation which induces fibrogenic protein expression and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, total 150 subjects were recruited to assess the association between HMGB1 SNPs and HBV. Three types of genotypes were found visible in rs3742305 of HMGB1; wild type homozygous GG with 65%, homozygous minor type CC with 6% and heterozygous minor type GC with 26% frequency distribution. High prevalence of GG genotype in the selected population presenting that GG genotype may have higher risk for susceptibility to HBV infection. Our results showed significant correlation of HMGB1 polymorphism with HBV infection in the selected Pakistani population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.284560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T15:02:13Z","timestamp":1758553333000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimating high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms among hepatitis B virus infected patients of Pakistan origin"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Tabassum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Islamic University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9740-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Near East University,  T\u00fcrkiye; Foundation University Islamabad,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Prince Mugrin,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Islamic University,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z. Z.","family":"Piracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Riphah International University,  Pakistan; International Center of Medical Sciences Research,  Pakistan; International Center of Medical Sciences Research,  United States; International Center of Medical Sciences Research,  United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Uppal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamabad Diagnostic Center,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. U.","family":"Ozsahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Near East University,  T\u00fcrkiye; University of Sharjah,  United Arab Emirates; University of Sharjah,  United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Near East University,  T\u00fcrkiye; Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University,  Hungary; University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw,  Poland; Korea University,  Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J. I.","family":"Ngozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All Saints University of St Vincent & Grenadines,  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology,  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.06.019","article-title":"Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Pakistan: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"13","author":"ALI S.A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70126-1","article-title":"Genetics of lung-cancer susceptibility","volume":"12","author":"BRENNAN P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet. 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paquistanesa"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842025000100310&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T15:02:16Z","timestamp":1758553336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842025000100310&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842025000100310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.284560","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e284560"}}