{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1770696981999,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract This study investigates the synergistic effects of essential oils (EOs) from two wild Moroccan medicinal and aromatic plants, Ammodaucus leucotrichus and Thymus maroccanus, on enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. GC-MS analysis identified carvacrol (75.05%) as the main component of T. maroccanus essential oil, and perillaldehyde (84.19%) and limonene (14.15%) as dominant in that of A. leucotrichus. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The antimicrobial assays revealed that both individual essential oils and their combinations exhibited significant antimicrobial effects against all the tested strains, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) values ranging from 97.65 \u00b5g\/mL to 1562.5 \u00b5g\/mL. Additionally, antioxidant potential was evaluated through the DPPH and reducing power (RP) assays, indicating that T. maroccanus essential oil and all the mixtures demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 and EC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 0.2 mg\/ml for DPPH and 2.32 to 2.41 mg\/mL for the RP assay, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of these essential oils and their mixtures as effective natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant agents, with promising applications in pharmaceuticals and food industries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.298139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T10:28:43Z","timestamp":1770632923000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Essential oils Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Synergistic Effects of Ammodaucus leucotrichus and Thymus maroccanus"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5277-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Fanjaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Research,  Morocco; Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-C\u00e9dria,  Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4347-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Sammama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Research,  Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2082-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Chattat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Research,  Morocco; Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-C\u00e9dria,  Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0666-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Azenzem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Research,  Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6385-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Mnasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chouaib Doukkali University,  Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Koussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-C\u00e9dria,  Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5077-0113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. N.","family":"Alfeddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agricultural Research,  Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry.","author":"ADAMS R.P.","year":"2017","edition":"4th"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.08.017","article-title":"Cultivation and the application of inorganic fertilizer modifies essential oil composition in two Moroccan species of Thymus","volume":"62","author":"ALAOUI C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11030464","article-title":"Essential oils and their major components: an updated review on antimicrobial activities, mechanism of action and their potential application in the food industry","volume":"11","author":"ANGANE M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2013.768989","article-title":"Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of the different parts of thymus maroccanus ball: an endemic species in morocco","volume":"27","author":"BELAQZIZ R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natural Product Research"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2017.06.004","article-title":"Indigenous knowledge of the use of medicinal plants in the North-West of Morocco and their biological activities","volume":"13","author":"BOUYAHYA A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010080","article-title":"Candida parapsilosis virulence and antifungal resistance mechanisms: a comprehensive review of key determinants","volume":"9","author":"BRANCO J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Fungi"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2015.11.033","article-title":"Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetables","volume":"47","author":"BYRNE V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Microbiology : Publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances in the application of antibacterial complexes using essential oils","volume":"25","author":"CHO T.J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Antimicrobial combined action of Mentha pulegium, Ormenis mixta and Mentha piperita essential oils against S. aureus, E. coli and C. tropicalis: application of mixture design methodology","volume":"145","author":"CHRAIBI M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2016.1201015","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of medicinal plant Ammodaucus leucotrichus from Algeria","volume":"29","author":"DAHMANE D.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of Essential Oil Research"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.07.063","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils obtained from wild and cultivated Moroccan Thymus species","volume":"43","author":"EL BOUZIDI L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114937","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants: Mentha suaveolens, Lavandula stoechas, and Ammi visnaga","volume":"164","author":"EL HACHLAFI N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biom\u00e9decine & Pharmacoth\u00e9rapie"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","first-page":"711","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruit oil from Algerian Sahara","volume":"9","author":"EL-HACI I.A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Natural Product Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2011.12.003","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii essential oils against nosocomial infection - 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