{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T19:48:36Z","timestamp":1776282516382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015090","name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Sci-2019- 397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sci-2019- 397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Endocrine disruption, infertility, anovulation, impaired cyclicity, and ovarian damage are complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Herein, we explore the potential role of Costus speciosus extract in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in female rats. For PCOS induction, letrozole 1.0 mg\/kg body weight was given orally for 90 days. Four groups of female rats were randomly assigned. Group 1, the control, was orally administered distilled water. Group 2 received 300 mg\/kg Costus speciosus extract for 28 days. Group 3 is the PCOS model. Group 4 PCOS received 300 mg\/kg Costus speciosus extract for 28 days. PCOS phenotypes were evaluated, including testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Body and ovarian weights, estrus cyclicity, follicular cysts, and ovarian histopathology were assessed. Compared to controls, letrozole induced a significant increase in body and ovarian weights. In addition, impaired cyclicity, increased testosterone, LH, and FSH levels, and decreased estradiol were observed. Moreover, ovarian damage was evident by many antral follicular arrests and multiple cystic follicles. Neuroendocrine disruption, reproductive deficiency, and ovarian histopathological alterations were alleviated after 28 days of Costus speciosus treatment. Restoring the estrus cyclicity, significant decreases in LH and testosterone levels with increased estradiol concentration were evident after Costus speciosus treatment. Recovery of arrested and cystic follicles was also obvious after Costus speciosus application. Consequently, we suggest that Costus speciosus could be an alleviating agent in PCOS phenotypes. However, Further research should be conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of Costus speciosus or its phytoconstituents per se in the circumstances of PCOS, confirming the present findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.298520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:22:14Z","timestamp":1776277334000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The fortunate amelioration of Costus speciosus on phenotypes of letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4704-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Elmazoudy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alexandria University,  Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8348-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Alqosaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9277-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Alnamshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Al-Dhuayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6203-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. F.","family":"AlAhmady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2822-4930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Alsayyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. A.","family":"Alhawaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University,  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13360","article-title":"High dose of standardised extract of Costus afer leaves potentiates cadmium reproductive toxicity in Wistar rats","volume":"51","author":"ATERE T.G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16878","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17204-5","article-title":"QuPath: open-source software for digital pathology image analysis","volume":"7","author":"BANKHEAD P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","first-page":"177","article-title":"Anti\u2011inflammatory and antipyretic properties of the rhizome of Costus speciosus (koen.) sm","volume":"1","author":"BINNY K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.7.7578","article-title":"An age-related ovarian phenotype in mice with targeted disruption of the Cyp 19 (aromatase) gene","volume":"141","author":"BRITT K.L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.12.007","article-title":"Neuroendocrine dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"77","author":"BURT SOLORZANO C.M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13223146","article-title":"Exploring the inhibitory potential of phytosterols \u03b2-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol on 5-alpha reductase activity in the human prostate: an in vitro and in silico approach","volume":"13","author":"BU\u021a M.G.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1887","article-title":"Haplosufficient genomic androgen receptor signaling is adequate to protect female mice from induction of polycystic ovary syndrome features by prenatal hyperandrogenization","volume":"156","author":"CALDWELL A.S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1196","article-title":"Characterization of reproductive, metabolic, and endocrine features of polycystic ovary syndrome in female hyperandrogenic mouse models","volume":"155","author":"CALDWELL A.S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","first-page":"200","article-title":"Effect of Costus speciosus Koen on reproductive organs of female albino mice","volume":"3","author":"CHOUDHURY N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Research Journal of Pharmacy"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01898450","article-title":"A new indian source of diosgenin (Costus speciosus)","volume":"26","author":"DASGUPTA B.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-016-0173-x","article-title":"Genetic, hormonal and metabolic aspects of PCOS: an update","volume":"14","author":"DE LEO V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1517\/17425250903540246","article-title":"Letrozole","volume":"6","author":"DELLAPASQUA S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology"},{"issue":"108","key":"ref13","first-page":"300","article-title":"Histological, ultrastructural and molecular studies on the effect of Coustus speciosus extract on raising the efficiency of fertility in the testes of male rats treated with risperidone (antipsychotic drug)","volume":"25","author":"DOMIATY D.M.M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medical Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.08.012","article-title":"Antidiabetic and antilipidemic effect of eremanthin from Costus speciosus (Koen.) 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Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ21-0480","article-title":"Metformin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome in a rat model by decreasing excessive autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway","volume":"69","author":"XU B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine Journal"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Letrozole for female infertility","volume":"12","author":"YANG A.-M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03009-z","article-title":"A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network plays a role in the protective effect of diosgenin on alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized rats","volume":"20","author":"ZHANG Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Medicine and 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ratas"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1519-69842026000100257&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:59:46Z","timestamp":1776279586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-69842026000100257&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S1519-69842026000100257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1519-6984.298520","relation":{},"ISSN":["1678-4375","1519-6984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1678-4375","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1519-6984","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e298520"}}