{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:31:01Z","timestamp":1779186661749,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Braz. J. Biol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract This study investigates the antibacterial properties of Moringa oleifera green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-MO) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) when combined with UV radiation and a blue laser set at 405 nm. Exposure to both light treatments increased the antibacterial activity of AgNPs-MO at higher concentrations. The results indicate that photosensitizers generated from Moringa oleifera help photodynamic antimicrobial treatment work better and provide a more environmentally friendly way to manage infections. A control group (T0) was not subjected to laser irradiation, while the other three bacterial groups (A1\/A2 and A3\/A4) were treated to laser irradiation at different concentrations and times of silver nanoparticles. Groups A2 and A4 bacteria were also given a photosensitizer made from Moringa oleifera, and then they were exposed to varying lengths of laser light. Following incubation, a Quebec colony counter was used to measure the number of bacterial colonies. Bacterial viability was significantly reduced, according to statistical analysis utilizing a post-hoc Tukey test and a two-way ANOVA factorial test. After being exposed to mmol L-1, mmol L-1.5, and mmol L-2 AgNPs-MO for 180 seconds, E. coli showed viability decreases of 70.90%, 76.44%, and 79.87%, respectively. The identical circumstances also resulted in viability decreases of 97.48%, 95.94%, and 94.72% for S. aureus. Our strategy proved to be effective, inactivating E. coli by 79.87% \u00b1 1.92% and S. aureus by 97.48% \u00b1 0.78% at an energy density of 3.44 J\/cm2. In order to battle pathogenic germs, this research proposes prospective uses for a blue laser, UV light, silver nanoparticles, and extract from Moringa oleifera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.299835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:06:14Z","timestamp":1774263974000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic photodynamic antimicrobial therapy with silver nanoparticle activated by UV irradiation and 405 nm laser diode against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3000-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. D.","family":"Astuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Airlangga,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0466-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. D.","family":"Cahyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Airlangga,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-1983","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Endarko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Surabaya,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. D.","family":"Astuty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hasanuddin University,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7189-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. K.","family":"Yaqubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9677-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Luthfiyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Airlangga,  Indonesia; Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Z. I.","family":"Nurdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Airlangga,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7278-5861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Syahrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,  Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts against bacteria isolated from patients attending general Sani Abacha specialist hospital Damaturu","volume":"1","author":"ABADALLAH M.S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Allied Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03104-0","article-title":"The bactericidal efficacy of femtosecond laser-based therapy on the most common infectious bacterial pathogens in chronic wounds: an in vitro study","volume":"36","author":"AHMED E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lasers in Medical Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2023","article-title":"Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses","volume":"21","author":"ANWAR F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytotherapy Research: PTR"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2019.f374","article-title":"The effects of laser diode treatment on liver dysfunction of Mus musculus due to carbofuran exposure: an in vivo study","volume":"6","author":"ASTUTI S.D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","first-page":"481","article-title":"Effectiveness photodynamic inactivation with wide spectrum range of diode laser to S. aureus bacteria with endogenous photosensitizer: an in vitro study","volume":"12","author":"ASTUTI S.D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of International Dental and Medical Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4943353","article-title":"Chlorophyll mediated photodynamic inactivation of blue laser on Streptococcus mutans","volume":"1718","author":"ASTUTI S.D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"In vitro investigation on nanosilver-Moringa oleifera of optical characteristics, photoantimicrobial activity, and damage profile against Candida albicans biofilm","volume":"85","author":"ASTUTY S.D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1515\/aot-2013-0031","article-title":"Lighting with laser diodes","volume":"2","author":"BASU C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Optical Technologies"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-010-0020-z","article-title":"Fungal biofilms in the clinical lab setting","volume":"4","author":"CHANDRA J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Fungal Infection Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.04.019","article-title":"Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using purified URAK","volume":"86","author":"DEEPAK V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colloids and Surfaces. 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