{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:35:08Z","timestamp":1792514108312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. vasc. bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Diseases of the thyroid are common worldwide, so knowledge of its normal and variant anatomy, especially of the veins of thyroid, is essential for safe and successful surgery involving the anterolateral neck. The aim of this study is to consolidate all information related to venous drainage of the thyroid gland as a ready reference for vascular and endocrine surgeons. The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and the literature search was carried out using the Pubmed, Scielo, Researchgate, Medline, and Scopus databases. Various terms related to the thyroid gland and its venous drainage were used to explore the literature. The literature review revealed that the superior and middle thyroid veins have the fewest variations in terms of course and termination while the inferior thyroid vein has the most variations in terms of course and termination. Detailed knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the thyroid veins is of utmost use for vascular surgeons performing anterolateral neck surgery, especially tracheostomy, a lifesaving procedure, minimizing intraoperative and postoperative complications and morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.202201632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T14:17:44Z","timestamp":1682086664000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Variations of venous drainage of the thyroid gland and their surgical implications: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1891-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajani","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences,  India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Anatomia das veias tire\u00f3ideas inferiores: aplica\u00e7\u00e3o cir\u00fargica","volume":"63","author":"L\u00e1zaro da Silva A","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arq Bras Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199801000-00007","article-title":"Anatomy of microvascular anastomosis in the neck","volume":"101","author":"Shima H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","first-page":"304","article-title":"Acute severe hemorrhage by a wound of the inferior thyroid vein during percutaneous tracheostomy","volume":"20","author":"Buguet-Brown ML","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540861210","article-title":"The inferior thyroid veins- the ultimate guardians of the trachea","volume":"86","author":"Krausen AS","year":"1976","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2000.0170","article-title":"Evaluating the neck for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy","volume":"28","author":"Muhammad JK","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Surgical anatomy. The embryologic and anatomic basis of modern surgery","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Neck: thyroid gland","volume":"1","author":"Skandalakis JE","year":"2004","edition":"14th"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","first-page":"182","article-title":"Neurovascular infrahyoid myofascial flap. Anatomic-topographic study of innervation and vascular supply","volume":"43","author":"Remmert S","year":"1995","journal-title":"HNO"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","first-page":"221","article-title":"The anatomy of the human thyroid veins and its surgical application","volume":"67","author":"Wafae N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Warsz)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","first-page":"445","article-title":"Venous and lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland","volume":"90","author":"Chevrel JP","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Chir (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","first-page":"229","article-title":"The orifice of superior thyroid vein to the internal jugular vein in human fetuses","volume":"57","author":"Oszukowski P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Folia Morphol (Warsz)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0350-6","article-title":"The middle thyroid vein: anatomical and surgical aspects","volume":"34","author":"Dionigi G","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","first-page":"634","article-title":"Opening of the middle thyroid vein into vertebral vein in the fetus","volume":"53","author":"Oszukowski P","year":"1996","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80461-9","article-title":"The openings of the inferior thyroid vein(s)","volume":"176","author":"Moriggl B","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"issue":"722","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-61-722-125","article-title":"The appearance of the inferior thyroid veins on computed tomography","volume":"61","author":"Belli AM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1999.0072","article-title":"Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy under ultrasound guidance","volume":"37","author":"Muhammad JK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","first-page":"388","article-title":"Application value of colour doppler ultrasound guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy with dilatational forceps in patients with head and neck burns with upper respiratory tract obstruction","volume":"35","author":"Guo M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhanghua Shao Shang Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Jornal Vascular Brasileiro"],"original-title":["Drenagem venosa da gl\u00e2ndula tireoide e suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es cir\u00fargicas: revis\u00e3o narrativa"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1677-54492023000100401&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T14:17:59Z","timestamp":1682086679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-54492023000100401&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["S1677-54492023000100401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1677-5449.202201632","relation":{},"ISSN":["1677-7301","1677-5449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1677-7301","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1677-5449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"e20220163"}}