{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:49:22Z","timestamp":1793422162775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. vasc. bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract Lipedema is characterized by abnormal fat deposition in areas such as the arms, hips, buttocks, and thighs, sparing the hands and feet. Symptoms include pain, bruising, edema, and subcutaneous nodules, which resist traditional interventions such as diet and exercise. Despite increasing recognition, comprehensive understanding, including pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects, has not been fully achieved. This review aims to fill gaps in knowledge of this field, to support more informed management of lipedema. This narrative review provides a deeper understanding of lipedema treatment, addressing pathophysiology and therapeutic options. The data reveal advances in knowledge, especially regarding conservative and surgical treatments, focusing on improving quality of life. However, scientific evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of various treatments is lacking. Additional research is needed to ensure safety and to enhance efficacy of management of this complex condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.202400252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T17:13:56Z","timestamp":1737393236000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Lipedema: exploring pathophysiology and treatment strategies \u2013 state of the art"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Kamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lipedema Brasil,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaqueline Munaretto Timm","family":"Baiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lipedema Brasil,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo Nogueira","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lipedema Brasil,  Brasil; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center,  Brasil; Hospital S\u00edrio Liban\u00eas,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renan Diego Am\u00e9rico","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lipedema Brasil,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2800-3620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora Aparecida Oliveira","family":"Modena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lipedema Brasil,  Brasil; Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-0027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Cervantes","family":"Gornati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Lipedema Brasil,  Brasil; Prime Care Medical Complex,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1910.00050290033005","article-title":"Adipose and Lipomatosis: considered in reference to their constitutional relationships and symptoms","volume":"VI","author":"Lyon IP","year":"1910","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med (Chic)"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"184","article-title":"Lipedema of the legs: a syndrome characterized by fat legs and orthostatic edema","volume":"15","author":"Allen EV","year":"1940","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-34-5-1243","article-title":"Lipedema of the legs; a syndrome characterized by fat legs and edema","volume":"34","author":"Wold LE","year":"1951","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lipedema","author":"Vyas A","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000363503.92360.91","article-title":"Lipedema: afrequently misdiagnosed and misunderstood fatty deposition syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Fife CE","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006280","article-title":"New insights on lipedema: the enigmatic disease of the peripheral fat","volume":"144","author":"Bauer AT","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01174-y","article-title":"Quality of life, its factors, and sociodemographic characteristics of Polish women with lipedema","volume":"21","author":"Dudek JE","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Lipedema prevalence and risk factors in Brazil","volume":"21","author":"Amato ACM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Bras"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33313","article-title":"Lipedema: an inherited condition","volume":"152A","author":"Child AH","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Preval\u00eancia e fatores de risco do lipedema no Brasil","volume":"21","author":"Amato ACM","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Bras"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"11","article-title":"Lipedema in a male patient: report of a rare case - 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