{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:40:39Z","timestamp":1793716839759,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"FapUNIFESP (SciELO)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. vasc. bras."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract  Background Polidocanol (POL) foam is widely used in sclerotherapy for the treatment of lower limb varicose veins and its properties are influenced by multiple variables, including preparation methods and room temperature.  Objectives To compare the influence of temperature on the half-life and bubble diameter of 1% polidocanol foam using the Tessari and double syringe techniques.  Methods The study employed 1% polidocanol foam prepared at room temperature and cooled to 4 \u00b0C, using two techniques: the Tessari technique and the double syringe technique. The foam half-life was recorded, defined as the time in seconds taken for half of the liquid volume to drain. Bubble diameter was analyzed with microscopy. Differences between groups were considered significant at p \u2264 0.05.  Results Cooling significantly extended the half-life of the foam, especially when the double syringe technique was employed. The Tessari technique produced smaller bubbles under both temperature conditions.  Conclusions Cooling the mixture of 1% polidocanol and room air increased half-life, irrespective of the preparation technique employed. Temperature had no effect on bubble diameter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.202500102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T15:08:09Z","timestamp":1755529689000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of temperature on the production of 1% polidocanol foam: comparison between the Tessari and double-syringe techniques in an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1590","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4734-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genaro Fahrnholz","family":"Buonsante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5329-7819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Ar\u00eaas","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-9146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo Cunha Senra","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2038-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f4nica Cunha","family":"Assun\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil; Hospital Municipal Salgado Filho,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4258-2988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00eanio Karlos Alvim","family":"Fiorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5236-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossano Kepler Alvim","family":"Fiorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brasil; Academia Nacional de Medicina,  Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"530","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513483280","article-title":"European guidelines for sclerotherapy in chronic venous disorders","volume":"29","author":"Rabe E","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355521995012","article-title":"Foam bubble size is significantly influenced by sclerosant concentration for polidocanol but not sodium tetradecyl sulphate","volume":"36","author":"Wong K","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/02683555231151350","article-title":"Sclerotherapy of lower limb veins: Indications, contraindications and treatment strategies to prevent complications: a consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology","volume":"38","author":"Wong M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1677-5449.202300642","article-title":"Brazilian guidelines on chronic venous disease of the Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery","volume":"22","author":"Kikuchi R","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vasc Bras"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003328971","article-title":"The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part II: Endorsed by the Society of Interventional Radiology and the Society for Vascular Medicine","volume":"12","author":"Gloviczki P","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2005.10.005","article-title":"Microfoam sclerotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Redondo P","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","first-page":"58","article-title":"Preliminary experience with a new sclerosing foam in the treatment of varicose veins","volume":"27","author":"Tessari L","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2023.08.011","article-title":"The stability of physician-compounded foam is influenced by the angle of connector","volume":"99","author":"Shi X","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Vasc 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Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of surgical treatment of varicose veins in Brazil from 2010 to 2020","volume":"21","author":"Bentes LGB","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Bras"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.08.012","article-title":"Foam sclerosants are more stable at lower temperatures","volume":"46","author":"Valenzuela GC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355516671625","article-title":"Generation of sclerosant foams by mechanical methods increases the foam temperature","volume":"32","author":"Tan L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.01.023","article-title":"Bleomycin polidocanol foam (BPF) stability: in vitro evidence 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experimental"],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&pid=S1677-54492025000100321&tlng=en","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T15:08:14Z","timestamp":1755529694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.scielo.br\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-54492025000100321&tlng=en"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1677-54492025000100321"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1677-5449.202500102","relation":{"has-translation":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1590\/1677-5449.202500101","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1677-7301","1677-5449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1677-7301","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1677-5449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"e20250010"}}